Qee cov nceb hav zoov loj hlob ntawm stalks thiaj li nyias tias lawv tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev kov me ntsis. Xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj zog yuav tsum tau sau ua tib zoo, sim tsis txhob rhuav tshem lub kaus mom. Ntawm cov nceb noj tau ntawm cov ceg nyias, ntau hom russula tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, thiab tseem muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws ntawm cov khoom thauj.
Russula ntawm nyias ob txhais ceg
Russula ntsuab (Russula aeruginea).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: pib lub Xya hli ntuj - kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg
hauj lwm:
Lub qia yog cylindrical, dawb, nrog rusty-xim av speckles. Lub tev tau yooj yim tshem tawm los ntawm 2/3 ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm lub hau.
Lub kaus mom yog ntsuab, convex los yog kev nyuaj siab, nplaum.
Lub pulp yog nkig, dawb, nrog iab saj. Ntug ntawm lub hau yog furrowed. Cov phaj yog nquag, adherent, dawb, ces creamy yellowish, qee zaum nrog rusty me ntsis.
Ib tug zoo edible nceb, siv tshiab (pom zoo boiled kom tshem tawm bitterness) thiab salted. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau cov nceb hluas nrog ib qho qis qis.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws hlob nyob rau hauv deciduous, sib tov (nrog birch), qee zaum nyob rau hauv coniferous hav zoov, nyob rau hauv cov hluas ntoo thuv-birch, nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb xau, nyob rau hauv nyom, nyob rau hauv moss, nyob rau hauv cov npoo, nyob ze txoj kev.
Russula daj (Russula claroflava).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli - kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me
hauj lwm:
Cov phaj yog adherent, nquag, daj.
Lub kaus mom yog ci daj, qhuav, convex los yog tiaj tus.
Cov ceg yog dawb, du, greying nrog hnub nyoog. Cov tawv nqaij zoo raug tshem tawm tsuas yog nyob ntawm ntug ntawm lub hau. Lub pulp yog paj rwb zoo li, dawb, txiv kab ntxwv-daj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, darkens ntawm qhov txiav.
Cov nceb noj tau ntawm lub qia dawb yog siv tshiab (tom qab boiling) thiab salted. Thaum boiled, nqaij darkens. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau cov nceb hluas nrog ib qho qis qis.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws hlob nyob rau hauv damp deciduous (nrog birch) thiab ntoo thuv-birch hav zoov, raws ntug dej hiav txwv, nyob rau hauv moss thiab blueberries. Daim ntawv mycorrhiza nrog birch.
Russula xiav-daj (Russula cyanoxantha).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Rau Hli - kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg
hauj lwm:
Lub hau yog qhuav los yog nplaum, ntsuab los yog brownish nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, violet-grey, violet-ntsuab los yog greyish-ntsuab raws ntug. Cov tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm los ntawm 2/3 ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm lub hau.
Cov ceg yog thawj ntom, ces hollow, dawb.
Cov nqaij yog dawb, qee zaum nrog cov ntshav tint, muaj zog, tsis muaj caustic. Cov phaj yog nquag, dav, qee zaum ceg, silky, dawb. Lub pulp ntawm ceg yog paj rwb zoo li.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cheesecakes. Nws yog siv tshiab (tom qab boiling), salted thiab pickled.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Loj hlob hauv deciduous thiab sib xyaw hav zoov (nrog birch, ntoo qhib, aspen).
Russula yog hlawv-caustic (Russula emetica).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli - Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me
hauj lwm:
Lub kaus mom yog convex, prostrate, me ntsis kev nyuaj siab, nplaum, ci, liab tones. Lub kaus mom ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb yog spherical.
Cov nqaij yog nkig, dawb, reddish nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, nrog ib tug burning saj. Cov tawv nqaij tau yooj yim tshem tawm.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab zaus, dav, adherent lossis yuav luag dawb. Cov ceg yog cylindrical, nkig, dawb.
Qhov no me me stalked nceb yog inedible vim nws iab saj. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab hnyuv.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws hlob nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab coniferous hav zoov, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej, ze swamps.
Russula kua tsib (Russula fellea).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: Lub Rau Hli - Cuaj Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me
hauj lwm:
Lub hau yog convex thaum xub thawj, ces ib nrab qhib, kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, straw-daj. Lub ntug ntawm lub hau yog thawj tus du, ces striped.
Cov nqaij yog daj-dawb, daj ntseg daj, pungent, iab. Cov phaj adhering rau qia yog nquag, nyias, thawj xim dawb, ces lub teeb daj.
Cov ceg yog txawm, xoob, nrog lub hollow hauv lub hnub nyoog laus, dawb, straw-daj hauv qab. Lub tev tau yooj yim tshem tawm tsuas yog ntawm cov npoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog edibility yog contradictory. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, nws tuaj yeem siv ntsev tom qab da dej ntev.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog beech, tsawg dua nrog ntoo qhib, spruce thiab lwm hom ntoo. Nws loj hlob hauv ntau hom hav zoov ntawm cov av acidic, feem ntau nyob rau hauv toj siab thiab roob.
Brittle russula (Russula fragilis).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Yim Hli - Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me
hauj lwm:
Cov phaj yog nqaim adherent, kuj tsis tshua muaj. Lub pulp yog dawb, nkig heev, nrog ib tug pungent saj.
Lub kaus mom yog ntshav lossis ntshav-liab, qee zaum txiv roj ntsuab lossis txawm tias lub teeb daj, convex lossis ntxhov siab.
Cov ceg yog dawb, nkig, me ntsis club-puab.
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog edibility yog contradictory. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev, nws tuaj yeem siv ntsev tom qab boiling nrog draining lub broth. suav tias yog inedible nyob rau hauv Western qhov chaw.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws loj hlob hauv coniferous thiab deciduous (nrog birch) hav zoov, hauv qhov chaw ntub dej, ntawm ntug, hauv hav zoov.
Maire's russula (Russula mairei), tshuaj lom.
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russulaceae).
Lub caij: lub caij nplooj zeeg
Kev Loj Hlob: pab pawg thiab ib leeg
hauj lwm:
Lub pulp yog ntom, nkig, xim dawb, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm zib mu los yog txiv maj phaub.
Lub kaus mom yog ci liab, convex los yog tiaj tus, nplaum nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntub.
Cov ceg yog du, dawb, me ntsis club-puab. Cov paib kuj tsis tshua muaj, tsis yooj yim, nqaim adherent, dawb nrog bluish.
Cov tshuaj lom tshaj plaws ntawm russula; ua rau mob plab hnyuv.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws hlob nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab sib xyaw hav zoov ntawm cov nplooj poob thiab txawm tias lub cev rotten, ntawm cov av ntws. Dav dav faib rau hauv hav zoov beech ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab cov cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab ntawm Asia.
Russula pale buffy (Russula ochroleuca).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj – Lub kaum hli ntuj
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg
hauj lwm:
Lub hau yog du, ocher-daj, convex, ces prostrate.
Lub pulp yog ntom, nkig, dawb, me ntsis darkens ntawm qhov txiav, nrog ib tug pungent saj.
Lub qia yog lub thoob-puab, muaj zog, dawb, nrog rau xim av tint. Lub hauv paus ntawm qia tig grey nrog hnub nyoog. Cov phaj yog adherent, feem ntau, dawb.
Conditionally edible nceb. Siv tshiab (tom qab boiling) thiab ntsev.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Qhov no nceb ntawm ib tug nyias qia nrog ib tug xim av tint hlob nyob rau hauv coniferous (spruce) thiab damp broad-leaved (nrog birch, ntoo qhib) hav zoov, nyob rau hauv moss thiab litter. Nws muaj ntau dua nyob rau yav qab teb thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam hav zoov.
Russula marsh (Russula paludosa).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli - Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg
hauj lwm:
Lub hau yog fleshy, convex, me ntsis kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nrog ib tug blunt ntug. Cov hlau tsis muaj zog, nquag, qee zaum ceg, dawb los yog buffy.
Cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub kaus mom yog qhuav, tsaus liab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, ci liab liab nyob rau ntawm ntug. Lub pulp yog dawb, ntom nyob rau hauv cov hluas nceb, ces xoob, nrog ib tug fruity tsw.
Cov ceg yog zoo li lub club-puab los yog fusiform, tawv, qee zaum hollow, hnov, liab los yog dawb.
Mushroom noj. Siv tshiab (tom qab boiling) thiab ntsev.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws loj hlob hauv coniferous (nrog ntoo thuv) thiab sib xyaw (pine-birch) hav zoov, hauv qhov chaw ntub dej, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, ntawm cov av xuab zeb-peat, hauv moss, hauv blueberries.
Russula maiden (Russula puellaris).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Yim Hli - Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: pab pawg thiab ib leeg
hauj lwm:
Cov nqaij yog nkig, dawb los yog yellowish. Lub hau yog thawj convex, ces prostrate, tej zaum me ntsis kev nyuaj siab, yellowish los yog brownish-grey. Lub ntug ntawm lub hau yog nyias, ribbed.
Lub stalk yog me ntsis nthuav mus rau hauv paus, khoom, ces hollow, nkig, dawb los yog yellowish.
Cov phaj yog nquag, nyias, adherent, dawb, ces daj.
Mushroom noj. Siv tshiab (tom qab boiling).
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Loj hlob hauv coniferous thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv hav zoov deciduous.
Russula Turkish (Russula turci).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: Lub Xya Hli-Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg
hauj lwm:
Lub kaus mom yog wine-liab, dub los yog txiv kab ntxwv, ci iab. Cov duab ntawm lub hau yog thawj hemispherical, ces kev nyuaj siab. Cov phaj yog adherent, sparse, dawb los yog yellowish.
Cov ceg yog lub club-puab, dawb.
Lub pulp yog nkig, dawb nrog ib tug fruity tsw.
Mushroom noj.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws pom nyob rau hauv roob coniferous hav zoov ntawm Europe thiab North America. Ua mycorrhiza nrog ntoo thuv thiab fir.
Russula zaub mov (Russula vesca).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli - kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me
hauj lwm:
Lub kaus mom yog flat-convex, liab dawb, reddish, brownish, unevenly xim. Cov phaj yog nquag, ntawm tib qhov ntev, dawb los yog daj.
qia, ntom, nqaim ntawm lub hauv paus, dawb. Cov tawv nqaij tsis ncav cuag 1-2 mm rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub hau, nws raug tshem tawm mus rau ib nrab.
Lub pulp yog dawb, ntom, tsis-caustic los yog me ntsis pungent nyob rau hauv saj. Cov phaj yog nquag, nqaim adherent, creamy dawb, qee zaum forked-branched.
Ib qho ntawm cov curds qab tshaj plaws. Nws yog siv tshiab (tom qab boiling) nyob rau hauv ob chav kawm, salted, pickled, qhuav.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws hlob nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab broad-leaved (nrog birch, ntoo qhib) hav zoov, tsawg zaus nyob rau hauv coniferous, nyob rau hauv ci qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv nyom.
Russula virescens (Russula virescens).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli - nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg
hauj lwm:
Lub qia yog dawb, nrog cov xim brownish ntawm lub hauv paus.
Lub kaus mom yog fleshy, matte, daj los yog xiav-ntsuab, nyob rau hauv cov hluas nceb hemispherical. Lub kaus mom ntawm cov nceb paub tab yog prostrate. Cov tawv nqaij tsis raug tshem tawm, feem ntau tawg.
Lub pulp yog dawb, ntom, tsis-caustic los yog me ntsis pungent nyob rau hauv saj. Cov phaj yog nquag, nqaim adherent, creamy dawb, qee zaum forked.
Ib qho ntawm cov curds qab tshaj plaws. Siv tshiab (tom qab boiling), salted, pickled, qhuav.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Loj hlob hauv deciduous, sib xyaw (nrog birch, ntoo qhib) hav zoov, hauv qhov chaw ci. Tshaj tawm hauv thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm thaj chaw hav zoov.
Brown Russula (Russula xerampelina).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli - Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me
hauj lwm:
Lub kaus mom yog dav, burgundy, xim av los yog txiv ntseej, tsaus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
Cov nqaij yog dawb, tig xim av rau ntawm qhov txiav, nrog ib tug cw los yog herring tsw. Cov phaj yog adherent, dawb, tig xim av nrog hnub nyoog.
Cov qia yog xim dawb, qee zaum nrog cov xim liab liab, ua ocher lossis brownish nrog hnub nyoog. Lub kaus mom ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb yog hemispherical.
Nws yog siv salted, pickled, tej zaum tshiab (tom qab boiling kom tshem tawm ib tug unpleasant tsw).
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Nws hlob nyob rau hauv coniferous (pine thiab spruce), deciduous (birch thiab ntoo qhib) hav zoov.
Lwm cov nceb-stalked nceb
Dawb podgruzdok (Russula delica).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli - Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: hauv pab pawg
hauj lwm:
Lub hau yog convex thaum xub thawj, dawb, ua funnel-puab nrog hnub nyoog, qee zaum tawg. Cov nplooj yog decurrent, nqaim, dawb nrog ib tug xiav-ntsuab tint.
Cov ceg yog ntom, dawb, me ntsis nqaim hauv qab thiab me ntsis brownish.
Lub pulp yog dawb, ntom, inedible.
Ib tug zoo edible nceb, siv salted (tom qab boiling).
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Cov nceb no nrog nyias ntev qia loj hlob hauv deciduous thiab sib xyaw (nrog birch, aspen, oak) hav zoov, tsawg dua nyob rau hauv coniferous (nrog spruce). Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej voj voog ntawm lub cev fruiting yuav siv qhov chaw nyob hauv av; tsuas yog pob pom ntawm qhov chaw.
Blackening podgrudok (Russula nigricans).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli - Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: hauv pab pawg
hauj lwm:
Lub kaus mom yog compressed nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, greyish nyob rau hauv cov hluas, ces brownish. Cov nplooj yog sparse, tuab, adherent, yellowish, ces brownish, tom qab yuav luag dub.
Cov nqaij ntawm qhov txiav thawj zaug tig liab, ces blackens, tsis hnov tsw yog fruity, saj yog ntse.
Cov ceg yog ruaj, thaum xub thawj lub teeb, ces tig xim av thiab blackening.
Conditionally edible nceb. Siv salted tom qab boiling rau 20 feeb. Blackens hauv ntsev.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Loj hlob hauv coniferous (nrog spruce), sib xyaw, deciduous thiab broad-leaved (nrog birch, ntoo qhib) hav zoov
Valui (Russula foetens).
Tsev Neeg: Russula (Russula)
Lub caij: pib lub Xya hli ntuj - Lub Kaum Hli
Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me
hauj lwm:
Lub hau ntawm cov nceb hluas yuav luag spherical, nrog ib tug ntug nias rau qia, mucous. Lub hau yog convex, qee zaum prostrate thiab nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, tuberculate, nrog ib tug ntug, qhuav los yog me ntsis nplaum, xim av. Lub kaus mom feem ntau noj tawm los ntawm kab thiab slugs. Lub ntug ntawm lub hau yog ribbed, furrowed qee zaum tawg.
Cov ceg yog o los yog cylindrical, feem ntau nqaim mus rau hauv paus, dawb, daj, xim av ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov tee ntawm cov kua pob tshab thiab xim av feem ntau pom ntawm daim hlau tom qab lawv qhuav. Cov phaj yog tsawg, nqaim, feem ntau forked, adherent, yellowish. tau ib tug cellular qauv.
Lub pulp yog ntom, tawv, dawb, ces yellowish, nyob rau hauv mature nceb nws yog nkig, nrog ib tug herring tsw thiab iab saj. Nyob rau hauv mature nceb, ib tug rusty puab kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv cov ceg.
Conditionally edible nceb; suav tias yog inedible nyob rau sab hnub poob. Feem ntau, cov nceb hluas tau sau nrog lub hau tsis tau qhib nrog txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 6 cm. Cov tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm ntawm valui thiab tom qab soaking rau 2-3 hnub thiab boiling rau 20-25 feeb. salted, tsis tshua muaj marinated.
Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:
Qhov no xim av-capped slender-stemmed nceb daim ntawv mycorrhiza nrog ob qho tib si coniferous thiab deciduous ntoo. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv deciduous, sib tov (nrog birch) hav zoov, tsawg zaus nyob rau hauv coniferous, nyob rau hauv lub ntug hav zoov, ntawm ntug, nyob rau hauv nyom thiab nyob rau hauv lub litter. Nyiam qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo, damp. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv hav zoov hauv Eurasia thiab North America, nyob rau hauv Peb Lub Tebchaws nws muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau sab Europe, Caucasus, Western Siberia thiab Far East.