Plaub-bladed starfish (Geastrum quadrifidum)
- Kev faib tawm: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Chav Kawm: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Subclass: Phallomycetidae (Velkovye)
- Kev txiav txim: Geastrales (Geastral)
- Tsev Neeg: Geastraceae (Geastraceae lossis Hnub Qub)
- Genus: Geastrum (Geastrum lossis Zvezdovik)
- hom: Geastrum quadrifidum (Four-bladed starfish)
- Plaub ntu hnub qub
- Geastrum plaub-lobed
- Plaub ntu hnub qub
- Geastrum plaub-lobed
- Lub ntiaj teb lub hnub qub plaub-bladed
Hauj lwm
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog pib kaw, kheej kheej, txog 2 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, them nrog peridium, tshaj tag nrho cov saum npoo uas mycelial strands nyob; mature - qhib, 3-5 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Lub peridium yog plaub-txheej, suav nrog exoperidium thiab endoperidium. Lub exoperidium yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib khob, peb-txheej los yog ob-txheej, khoom, rhais los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab mus rau nruab nrab rau hauv 4 qhov tsis sib xws, taw tes (cov hniav), khoov down, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev sawv ntawm lub lobes. , raws li "ceg". Sab nrauv mycelial txheej yog dawb, muaj ntaub, npog nrog av hais, thiab sai sai ploj. Qhov nruab nrab fibrous txheej yog dawb los yog isabella, du. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog dawb, kuj torn rau hauv 4 qhov chaw, so nrog ntse xaus ntawm lub ntse kawg ntawm lub lobes ntawm txheej txheej, thiab sai sai ploj. Lub hauv paus yog convex. Nruab nrab nce nrog rau sab hauv ntawm lub cev fruiting - lub gleba. Spherical los yog oval (ovoid) gleba npog nrog endoperidium, 0,9-1,3 cm siab thiab 0,7-1,2 cm dav. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus nrog ib tug flattened stalk, saum toj no uas lub endoperidium yog nqaim thiab ib tug zoo-cim rounded protrusion (apophysis) yog tsim, nyob rau sab saum toj nws qhib nrog lub qhov, uas yog nruab nrog ib tug tsawg peristome. Lub peristome yog cone-puab, fibrous, nrog ib tug sharply txwv lub tshav puam, smoothly fibrous-ciliate, nyob ib ncig ntawm uas muaj ib tug ntshiab nplhaib. ceg cylindrical los yog me ntsis flattened, 1,5-2 mm siab thiab 3 mm tuab, dawb. Kem yog paj rwb zoo li, lub teeb xim av-grey nyob rau hauv seem, 4-6 mm ntev. Nws exoperidium yog torn ntau zaus rau hauv 4, tsawg zaus mus rau hauv 4-8 qhov sib npaug taw lobes, khoov, uas yog vim li cas tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev sawv ntawm lub lobes, zoo li nyob rau hauv ob txhais ceg.
Cov ceg (nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ib txwm) yog ploj lawm.
Gleba thaum ripe powdery, dub-ntsuab mus rau xim av. Spores yog xim av, lub teeb los yog tsaus xim av.
Thaum nias, cov spores tawg mus rau txhua qhov chaw. Spores yog txiv ntseej xim av.
LUB SIJ HAWM THIAB LUB SIJ HAWM
Plaub-lobed hnub qub loj hlob feem ntau ntawm cov av xuab zeb hauv deciduous, sib xyaw thiab coniferous - ntoo thuv, spruce, ntoo thuv-spruce thiab spruce-broad-leaved hav zoov (ntawm cov koob poob), qee zaum hauv cov anthills tso tseg - txij lub Yim Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli, tsis tshua muaj. Sau tseg hauv Peb Lub Tebchaws (Tebchaws Europe, Caucasus thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia), Tebchaws Europe thiab North America. Peb pom nws sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv ib tug sib xyaw hav zoov (birch thiab spruce) nyob rau hauv ib tug qub spruce ntawm koob nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj (nceb nce raws li ib tsev neeg).
DUA
Plaub-lobed starfish yog heev peculiar nyob rau hauv tsos thiab yog strikingly txawv ntawm nceb ntawm lwm genera thiab tsev neeg. Nws zoo li lwm cov hnub qub, piv txwv li, lub hnub qub arched (Geastrum fornicatum), uas nws exoperidium faib ua ob txheej: sab nrauv nrog 4-5 luv, blunt lobes thiab sab hauv, convex nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, kuj muaj 4-5 lobes; ntawm Geastrum crowned (Geastrum coronatum) nrog ib tug tawv, du exoperidium, splitting rau hauv 7-10 grey-xim av taw lobes; ntawm Geastrum fimbriatum nrog exoperidium, uas yog torn mus rau ib nrab los yog 2/3 - rau hauv 5-10 (tsis tshua muaj txog 15) lobes tsis sib xws; ntawm Starfish striped (G. striatum) nrog exoperidium, torn rau hauv 6-9 lobes, thiab lub teeb grey gleba; ntawm me me Shmiel's Starfish (G. schmidelii) nrog exoperidium tsim 5-8 lobes, thiab gleba nrog beak-shaped, furrowed, striped qhov ntswg; Nyob rau ntawm Geastrum triplex nrog lub qhov fibrous nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm grey-xim av gleba.
Nws yog confined rau cov av ntawm deciduous thiab coniferous hav zoov.