Karkade

Hibiscus yog nplua nuj burgundy tshuaj yej haus ua los ntawm qhuav bracts ntawm Sudanese rose paj los ntawm Hibiscus genus. Lwm lub npe: "mallow of Venice", "kandahar", "haus dej ntawm pharaohs", kenaf, okra.

Hibiscus yog lub teb chaws Egyptian haus, muaj qab zib thiab qaub saj. Kandahar lub tebchaws yog Is Nrias teb, nws tau loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam hauv Thaib teb, Tuam Tshoj, thiab thaj chaw sov ntawm Asmeskas. Hibiscus tau txais qhov nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Arab lub teb chaws. Ntxiv nrog rau quenching nqhis dej, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj raws li ib tug "kho rau tag nrho cov kab mob."

Nws ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj uas muab cov xim liab rau cov nroj tsuag (anthocyanins) nthuav tawm P-vitamin kev ua, tswj cov permeability ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Ib tug decoction ntawm hibiscus muaj antipyretic, diuretic, antispasmodic zog, muaj antioxidants uas tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm oxidation, thiab qeeb cov txheej txheem kev laus.

Interestingly, tshuaj yej yog suav tias yog cov dej haus nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, ua raws li npias. Cov xim liab ntawm hibiscus yog siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj los tsim cov xim ntuj.

Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm

Hibiscus yog cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg, cov noob uas tau coj los ntawm Is Nrias teb mus rau Malaysia thiab Africa, tom qab ntawd Brazil, Jamaica.

Xyoo 1892, 2 lub chaw tsim khoom tau qhib hauv Queensland (Australia) rau kev tsim cov tshuaj yej raw khoom. Xyoo 1895, thawj qhov chaw ua liaj ua teb hibiscus hauv California tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Thiab xyoo 1904, kev cog qoob loo cog qoob loo hauv Hawaii tau pib.

Txog rau thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1960, hibiscus tau suav hais tias yog cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb uas tau cog rau hauv cov vaj tsev nyob hauv Midwest. Hauv XNUMX, muaj cua daj cua dub "taug kev" los ntawm cov xeev yav qab teb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, uas rhuav tshem cov qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nrog rau qhov no, lub sijhawm ntawm kev cog qoob loo hibiscus hauv Asmeskas ntawm kev lag luam tau ua tiav.

Ntau yam nta

Txij xyoo 1920 txog rau hnub no, 2 hom tseem ceeb ntawm hibiscus tau paub qhov txawv:

  1. "Rosella". Qhov no ntau yam ntawm Sudanese rose hlob nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb. Lub ci liab dej qab zib sai sai quenchs nqhis dej, zoo kawg nkaus qhia lub saj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kub thiab txias, nyob rau hauv uas fruity sau ntawv yog kom meej meej traced.
  2. "Hibiscus subdarifa". Tsim los txhim kho qhov saj ntawm tshuaj yej blends. Hom hibiscus no yog brewed nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, siv raws li ib tug ywj siab raw khoom los yog ntxiv raws li ib tug muab tub lim rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, paj, ntsuab los yog dub teas. Cultivated nyob rau hauv Egypt thiab Sudan.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nram qab no ntau yam ntawm hibiscus yog qhov txawv, loj hlob hauv Philippines:

  1. "Rico". Qhov no yog hom ntau tshaj plaws, dav siv hauv kev lag luam zaub mov. Distinctive nta ntawm ntau yam yog loj inflorescences thiab siab yields.
  2. "Victor". Qhov no yog cov nroj tsuag rougher ntau dua li 'Rico' thiab muaj tsawg dua inflorescences ib qia tshaj nws cov thawj.
  3. "Archer" los yog "dawb sorrel". Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm hom yog ib tug me me ntawm cov xim liab, uas yog dab tsi "Rico" thiab "Victor" muaj. Vim li no, stems ntawm 'Archer' yog ci ntsuab, tawv thiab fibrous. Cov ntaub qhwv thiab cov paj yog ci daj los yog ntsuab ntsuab. Tus naj npawb ntawm inflorescences nyob rau hauv dawb sorrel yog 2 npaug ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv yav tas los ntau yam. Interestingly, hom hibiscus no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, bast industries dua li ua tshuaj yej. Txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog edible thiab ntxiv rau zaub xam lav. Tshuaj yej brewed los ntawm archer yog pob tshab, nrog lub teeb daj-ntsuab tint.

Hibiscus nyiam noo noo, rhiab rau Frost. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau cog cov nroj tsuag yog subtropical, tropical cheeb tsam nrog los nag ntawm 70 - 80%, nrog qhov siab tshaj 900 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Muaj cov qauv tsim muaj zog, hibiscus xav tau kev ywg dej tas li nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov av qis.

Cov qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob ntawm cov av rau cultivation, nws yog preferable tias nws yuav fertile. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem cog hibiscus ntawm depleted oolitic limestone los yog xuab zeb loam, qhov twg nws kuj siv hauv paus zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo, cov nroj tsuag yog overgrown nrog tsis-flowering, branching stems thiab disappears.

Propagation method: noob los yog cuttings.

Kev siv zaub mov

Hauv kev ua noj ua haus, qhov chaw txais ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog siv, cov noob capsule thiab paj petals raug cais los ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lub khob paj hibiscus yog npaj rau siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, cov tais diav sib txawv tau npaj los ntawm hibiscus. Nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa, lub khob paj thiab cov txiv laum huab xeeb yog siv los ua cov tais diav, kua ntses lossis ncuav qab zib.

Paj petals thiab tshiab receptacles yog tws, dhau los ntawm ib tug nqaij grinder thiab ib tug sieve, siv los ua chutney, jelly, syrup los yog jam. Txhawm rau soften, txhim khu aroma thiab saj, lub paj loj yog nchuav nrog dej npau npau rau 20 feeb.

Hauv Pakistan kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, hibiscus ua haujlwm los ntawm pectin edible, uas muaj cov khoom sib txuas. Nws yog siv los ua cov khoom zoo li jelly. Namely, hnav khaub ncaws rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo zaub xam lav, icing rau ncuav mog qab zib, paj npleg. Jelly-zoo li sauces thiab syrups muaj ntau nyob rau hauv waffles, ice cream, gingerbread thiab pancakes.

Hauv Latin America thiab Western Is Nrias teb, hibiscus muaj nuj nqis los ntawm kev npaj cov dej qab zib tshiab, uas tau muab faib rau hauv hermetically kaw vials, fwj, thiab sterilized jars. Hauv tebchaws Iziv, lawv haus dej rau lub caij ntuj sov nrog dej khov, hauv Mexico - thaum lub caij ntuj no kub. Hauv West Africa, hibiscus receptacles thiab inflorescences yog siv los ua liab caw.

Interestingly, nyob rau hauv Jamaica, ib txwm haus dej haus rau Christmas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm hibiscus. Txhawm rau npaj cov dej haus tshiab, qhuav hibiscus yog infused rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv ib lub tais hauv av nrog qab zib, grated qhiav, thiab boiling dej. Rum yog ntxiv rau cov dej haus ua ntej haus. Haus chilled.

Nyob rau hauv West Africa, cov tub ntxhais hluas hibiscus stems thiab nplooj yog siv los npaj zaub xam lav nrog ntxiv ntawm nqaij los yog ntses, tshuaj ntsuab thiab zaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob roasted ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog siv los hloov cov kas fes ntuj.

Tshuaj Kex

100 grams qhuav raw khoom los ntawm lub receptacle ntawm hibiscus muaj:

  • dej - 9,2 g;
  • zaub fibers - 12,0 g;
  • yog '- 2,31 g;
  • yog '- 1,145 g.

Cov vitamin thiab ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Sudanese rose paj yog sawv cev los ntawm cov as-ham hauv qab no:

  • calcium - 1263 mg;
  • phosphorus - 273,3 milligrams;
  • hlau - 8,98 milligrams;
  • ascorbic acid (C) - 6,7 milligrams;
  • nicotinic acid (PP) - 3,77 milligrams;
  • riboflavin (B2) - 0,277 milligrams;
  • thiamine (B1) - 0,117 milligrams;
  • carotene (A) - 0,029 mg.

Cov vitamins thiab cov ntxhia sib xyaw ua ke tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem biochemical, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem physiological.

Lub zog piv B : W : U yog 24% : 0% : 48%.

Tsis tas li ntawd, hibiscus muaj xws li:

  1. Anthocyanins. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, rhuav tshem lipids, ntxiv dag zog rau phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, thiab tswj lawv cov permeability.
  2. Organic acids (tartaric, citric, malic). Lawv muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov kab mob bactericidal, txo qhov mob, ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
  3. Antioxidants. Lawv txo cov mob ua npaws, qhia cov tshuaj antispasmodic, tiv thaiv o.
  4. Polysaccharides. Tuav lub zog ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, ua haujlwm ua lub zog, txhawb kev kho cov ntaub so ntswg.
  5. Flavonoids. Tiv thaiv cov kab mob sclerotic, txhim kho elasticity ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
  6. Pectins. Adsorb tshuaj phem, stabilization ntawm lub plab, txhawb kev ntxuav.

Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj kev phom sij

Infusions los ntawm paj khob thiab nplooj hibiscus yog siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem, tshuaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, Africa thiab Mexico raws li ib tug antipyretic, hypotensive, diuretic thiab choleretic neeg sawv cev. Lawv txo cov ntshav viscosity, txhawb txoj hnyuv motility. Tsis tas li ntawd, anthelmintic, antibacterial, hypotensive thiab antispasmodic zog ntawm cov tshuaj yej haus yog tam sim no scientifically paub tseeb.

Hauv Guatemala, paj thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm Sudanese sawv yog siv los tawm tsam hangovers. Nyob rau hauv East Africa, ua ke nrog molasses, kua txob thiab ntsev, nrog hnoos.

Hauv Is Nrias teb, lub decoction ntawm hibiscus noob yog siv los ua diuretic thiab astringent. Hauv Brazil, hibiscus cov hauv paus hniav yog boiled thiab cov neeg hauv zos yaug lawv lub qhov ncauj nrog cov txiaj ntsig daws tsis txhob txhuam hniav thaum hmo ntuj.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv sab hauv, nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog siv sab nraud, lawv tau sov thiab siv rau thaj chaw teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij (nrog rau kev tsim purulent, qhov txhab). Lawv pab kho cov kab mob trophic.

Medicinal thaj chaw ntawm kandahar:

  1. Resistant txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, cov kab mob, ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug natural tshuaj tua kab mob.
  2. Txhim kho cov kua tsib.
  3. Tshem tawm puffiness, tshem tawm cov kua ntau dhau, relieves scurvy (petioles thiab noob).
  4. Calms lub paj hlwb, normalizes quav (hauv paus).
  5. Regulates kev coj khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv cov poj niam los ntawm relieving spasms ntawm lub tsev menyuam (kua txiv).
  6. Favorably cuam tshuam rau daim siab thiab lub raum (extract los ntawm paj).
  7. Normalizes ntshav siab (decoction).
  8. Stimulates plaub hau kev loj hlob.
  9. Nws ntxuav lub cev (tshem tawm cov khoom siv metabolic uas tsis tsim nyog, cov hlau hnyav, co toxins, cov khoom tsis muaj oxidized, cov khoom noj uas tsis tau ua tiav).
  10. Relieves mob plab.
  11. Txo cov roj cholesterol, ua kom lub plawv.
  12. Tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm malignant neoplasms.
  13. Tshem tawm cov teebmeem ntawm cawv intoxication ntawm lub cev.
  14. Accelerates metabolism, stimulates rog hlawv.
  15. Txhim kho kev nco, ua kom lub hlwb ua haujlwm.

Hibiscus petals yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce rau zus tau tej cov perfumes, anti-aging tawv nqaij cov khoom, da dej foams, tshuaj zawv plaub hau.

Kua extract los ntawm cov paj tshiab thiab nplooj ntawm Sudanese rose inhibits kev loj hlob ntawm staphylococcus hom, muaj antibacterial kev ua si tawm tsam bacilli, tua kab mob plab hnyuv microorganisms, thaum tswj cov txiaj ntsig microflora.

Anti-inflammatory nyhuv ntawm hibiscus yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau (bronchitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis) thiab urinary ib ntsuj av (cystitis).

Interestingly, nyob rau hauv Suav teb, Sudanese rose paj yog siv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm normalizing ntshav ncig, tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws nyob rau hauv lub cev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, dej qab zib thiab qaub crimson pab txhim kho cov mob, yog qhia rau:

  • ntxhov siab;
  • tsis qab los noj mov;
  • mob nkees ntev;
  • ntxiv dag zog lub cev.

Txhawm rau txhim kho lub ntsej muag, lub decoction ntawm hibiscus yog khov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub voos xwmfab, uas yuav tsum tau so txhua hnub (tag kis sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj) ntawm lub hauv pliaj, puab tsaig, qhov ntswg thiab puab tsaig. Thiab txhawm rau txo cov roj ntawm cov plaub hau, freshly brewed tshuaj yej los ntawm hibiscus paj yog txias rau chav tsev kub, rinsed nrog ntxuav cov plaub hau.

Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv:

  • plab rwj, gastritis;
  • nyiam ua xua;
  • cov me nyuam mus txog ib xyoos;
  • lub sij hawm lactation;
  • exacerbation ntawm cholelithiasis thiab urolithiasis;
  • ntxiv acidity ntawm lub plab;
  • pw tsis tsaug zog;
  • ib tug neeg intolerance.

Hibiscus rau lub plawv

Cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb uas 64 tus neeg ntawm cov hnub nyoog sib txawv nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv tau koom nrog. Tib neeg tau muab faib ua pawg sib npaug. Thawj zaug tau muab tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab hibiscus peb zaug hauv ib hnub rau 1,5 lub hlis, lwm qhov tau muab cov placebo, uas, hauv saj thiab tsos, zoo li cov ntsiav tshuaj niaj hnub. Thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev sim, txhua tus neeg koom tau raug kuaj xyuas kom zoo.

Yog li, hauv thawj pab pawg, qhov txo qis hauv siab los ntawm 6-13% tau sau tseg, hauv qhov thib ob - los ntawm 1,3%. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau los xaus tias qhov kev kho mob ntawm hibiscus paj tshuaj yej yog vim muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm flavonoids thiab phenolic acids (antioxidants), uas tsim ib qho kev thaiv ntuj tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ntawm cov dawb radicals. Ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej no, hibiscus txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob plawv xws li mob stroke, arrhythmia, plawv nres.

Thaum lub sij hawm sim, tsis muaj lwm yam kev mob tshwm sim. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog tsis haus dej haus kom zoo ntawm lub plab khoob, txij li lub broth muaj ntau cov kua qaub.

Txhawm rau txhim kho tus mob thiab ua kom lub siab zoo, hibiscus yuav tsum tau noj tsis tu ncua, tsawg kawg 3 khob ib hnub (250 milliliters txhua) rau 6 lub lis piam. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsis hnov ​​​​nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev.

Yuav siv hibiscus li cas?

Txhawm rau npaj cov dej haus, hibiscus paj tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntshiab lossis ntau yam khoom xyaw tuaj yeem ntxiv: pieces ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries, cardamom, mint, txiv qaub balm, zib mu, vanilla ice cream, cinnamon, qhiav.

Cov neeg nyob hauv cov teb chaws sov sov tsoo cov nplooj ntawm Sudanese sawv thiab ntxiv rau cov zaub nyoos, thiab siv cov noob ua txuj lom rau thawj cov kev kawm.

Hibiscus ntxiv cov khoom tshiab rau jelly, jam, ncuav mog qab zib, txiv hmab txiv ntoo haus.

Ib lub ci liab tshuaj ntsuab haus dej kub los yog txias (nrog lossis tsis muaj suab thaj). Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, nws yog poured rau hauv iav, decorated nrog ib tug straw.

Yuav xaiv li cas?

Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ncaj qha nyob ntawm kev siv tshuab ntawm kev sau, ua thiab khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv raw. Thaum muas tshuaj yej, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, xyuam xim rau cov xim ntawm kenaf. Nrog kom qhuav, paj yuav tsum yog burgundy los yog sib sib zog nqus liab. Yog hais tias lawv tsaus los yog npub, ces noo noo tau evaporated los ntawm petals nyob rau hauv tsis ncaj ncees lawm txoj kev. Hibiscus los ntawm cov khoom siv raw yuav tsis qab.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov dej haus yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov loj ntawm hibiscus petals. Ntim hauv hnab lossis hmoov paj yog suav tias yog tshuaj yej zoo tib yam. Qhov no yog cov khoom lag luam uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig yog dej haus brewed los ntawm tag nrho cov paj ntawm Sudanese sawv.

Tom qab kev yuav khoom, hibiscus yog nchuav rau hauv cov tais diav ceramic, kaw nruj nreem nrog lub hau. Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov paj qhuav yog txog li 1 xyoos.

Interestingly, lub paj hibiscus nyob rau hauv Hawaii Islands yog suav hais tias yog lub cim ntawm poj niam kev zoo nkauj, yog li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib nrab zoo nkauj ntawm tib neeg feem ntau pin nws rau lawv cov plaub hau strands.

Yuav ua li cas brew hibiscus?

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm yuav ua li cas kom haus dej qab zib zoo los ntawm paj hibiscus:

  1. Hibiscus petals yuav tsum yog tag nrho, nyob rau hauv heev mob, loj qhov chaw. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov dej qab zib, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv cov khoom nyoos uas tau muab tso rau hauv hmoov.
  2. Rau brewing, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub khob los yog ceramic teapot.
  3. Thaum npaj ib qho dej haus, ua raws li cov hauv qab no: 7,5 grams ntawm hibiscus petals (1,5 teaspoons) ib 200 milliliters dej. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj yej muaj zog heev, txo tus nqi ntawm hibiscus mus rau 5 grams.
  4. Rau brewing Sudanese roses, nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub siv hlau tais diav, raws li nws hloov lub saj thiab xim ntawm noble haus.

Hibiscus tshuaj yej yog ib qho zoo heev refresher nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias huab cua vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm citric acid nyob rau hauv nws.

Vuam txoj kev:

  1. Muab cov khoom siv raw rau hauv lub thawv enameled nrog dej npau npau, boil rau 3 feeb kom txog thaum cov kua hloov xim liab, tau txais ib qho kev zoo nkauj qab zib-qab zib. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog kom tau txais cov dej haus muaj zog, qhov tsis zoo yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov vitamins thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.
  2. Muab cov tshuaj yej nplooj tso rau hauv ib khob, ncuav dej kub, qhov kub ntawm qhov yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm 80 - 95 degrees. Tshuaj yej insist 4 - 6 feeb hauv qab lub hau kaw. Cov dej haus tau los ntawm txoj kev no muaj qhov tsis tshua mob siab dua li yav dhau los, tab sis khaws cov khoom noj ntau tshaj plaws.
  3. Txhawm rau npaj cov karkade txias, hibiscus petals yog muab tso rau hauv dej txias, uas yog coj mus rau boil, qab zib yog ntxiv, tshem tawm los ntawm lub qhov cub, infused thiab txias. Pab nrog dej khov.

Interestingly, steamed hibiscus petals tuaj yeem noj tau, lawv muaj ntau cov amino acids, pectin, vitamin C.

xaus

Hibiscus yog lub ntuj immunomodulator uas nthuav tawm adsorbing, antispasmodic, diuretic, anthelmintic zog. Cov nroj tsuag muaj cov amino acids tseem ceeb, anthocyanins, organic acids, antioxidants, polysaccharides, flavonoids, pectins. Ntxiv nrog rau calcium, phosphorus, hlau, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, PP.

Lub taub ntim thiab khob ntawm hibiscus tiv thaiv kev laus ntxov ntawm lub cev, qhib nws txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv, thiab tua cov kab mob. Lawv normalize qhov pom kev ua haujlwm, txhawb kev poob phaus, txo kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev xav, kho beriberi.

Cov nroj tsuag tau pom zoo siv los ntawm ob tus neeg mob ntshav siab (thaum txias) thiab cov neeg mob hypotensive (kub), vim nws normalizes ntshav siab.

Hibiscus tuaj yeem haus dej kub lossis txias. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub caij ntuj sov nws yuav quench koj nqhis dej, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nws yuav pab kom sov, ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev. Tshuaj yej haus yog zoo rau cem quav, atony ntawm txoj hnyuv loj, atherosclerosis, kub siab. Contraindicated nyob rau hauv kev ua xua, cholelithiasis thiab urolithiasis thaum lub sij hawm exacerbation, gastrointestinal pathologies txuam nrog erosive tej yam kev mob, nce acidity ntawm gastric kua txiv.

Sau ntawv cia Ncua