La leukemia yog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov ntshav, uas yog cov qe ntshav tsis paub qab hau pom nyob rau hauv pob txha pob txha (= mos, spongy khoom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov pob txha feem ntau).

Tus kab mob feem ntau pib nrog qhov txawv txav ntawm kev tsim cov qe ntshav hauv cov pob txha. Cov hlwb tsis zoo (los yog leukemia hlwb) muab ntau thiab ntau dua cov cell qub, tiv thaiv lawv txoj haujlwm kom raug.

Hom mob ntshav tawm

Muaj ntau hom kab mob leukemia. Lawv tuaj yeem raug cais raws li qhov ceev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob (mob los yog mob ntev) thiab raws li cov qia hlwb los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha uas lawv tsim (myeloid lossis lymphoblastic). Leukemia feem ntau yog hais txog cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb (lymphocytes thiab granulocytes, cov hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob), txawm hais tias qee cov qog nqaij hlav tsawg heev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov qe ntshav liab thiab platelets.

Mob leukemia:

Cov qe ntshav txawv txav tsis paub qab hau (= blasts). Lawv tsis ua lawv txoj haujlwm ib txwm muaj thiab ua kom ntau zuj zus kom tus kab mob mus sai heev. Kev kho mob yuav tsum nruj thiab siv sij hawm ntxov li sai tau.

Chronic leukemia:

Cov hlwb uas koom nrog yog cov paub tab. Lawv muab ntau maj mam thiab nyob twj ywm ua haujlwm rau qee lub sijhawm. Qee hom kab mob leukemia tuaj yeem tsis pom tau ntau xyoo.

Myeloid leukemia

Nws cuam tshuam granulocytes thiab ntshav qia hlwb pom nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha. Lawv ua cov qe ntshav dawb txawv txav (myeloblasts). Muaj ob hom myeloid leukemia :

• Mob myeloid leukemia (AML)

Cov kab mob leukemia no pib tam sim ntawd, feem ntau dhau ob peb hnub lossis ntau lub lis piam.

AML yog hom kab mob leukemia ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov hluas.

AML tuaj yeem pib ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog, tab sis feem ntau yuav tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 60 xyoo thiab laus dua.

• Mob myelogenous mob ntshav dawb (CML)

La mob ntsws mob myelogenous zoo tseem hu ua mob myelocytic leukemia ou mob granular leukemia. Hom kab mob leukemia no tshwm sim qeeb, dhau lub hlis lossis ntau xyoo. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim raws li tus nqi ntawm leukemia hlwb nyob rau hauv cov ntshav los yog pob txha pob txha nce.

Nws yog hom kab mob leukemia ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov neeg laus hnub nyoog ntawm 25 thiab 60. Qee lub sij hawm nws tsis tas yuav kho ntau xyoo.

Lymphoblastic leukemia

Lymphoblastic leukemia cuam tshuam cov lymphocytes thiab tsim cov lymphoblasts. Muaj ob hom lymphoblastic leukemia:

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TSI)

Cov kab mob leukemia no pib sai sai thiab nce nrawm dua li ob peb hnub lossis ntau lub lis piam.

Kuj hu ua mob lymphocytic heev leukemia ou mob lymphoid mob ntshav dawb, nws yog hom kab mob leukemia feem ntau hauv cov menyuam yaus. Muaj ntau hom kab mob ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm leukemia.

• Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL)

Hom kab mob leukemia no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg laus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub nyoog ntawm 60 thiab 70. Cov neeg uas muaj tus mob no yuav tsis muaj lossis tsis tshua muaj tsos mob rau ntau xyoo thiab tom qab ntawd muaj theem uas cov qog ntshav qog ntshav loj hlob sai.

Ua rau mob leukemia

Qhov ua rau mob leukemia tseem tsis to taub. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias tus kab mob no yog kev sib txuas ntawm caj ces thiab ib puag ncig.

loj heev

Hauv tebchaws Canada, ib tug ntawm 53 tus txiv neej thiab ib tug ntawm 72 tus poj niam yuav mob leukemia hauv lawv lub neej. Hauv xyoo 2013, nws kwv yees tias 5800 Canadians yuav raug cuam tshuam. (Canadian Cancer Society)

Hauv Fab Kis, kab mob leukemia cuam tshuam txog 20 tus neeg txhua xyoo. Leukemia suav txog kwv yees li 000% ntawm cov mob qog noj ntshav thaum yau, 29% ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav cancer (TSIS TAU).

Kev kuaj mob leukemia

Kuaj ntshav. Kev kuaj ntshav tuaj yeem kuaj pom seb cov qe ntshav dawb lossis platelets yog qhov txawv txav, qhia tias leukemia.

Bone marrow biopsy. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov pob txha pob txha tshem tawm ntawm lub duav tuaj yeem kuaj pom qee yam ntawm cov kab mob leukemia uas tuaj yeem siv los qhia kev xaiv rau kev kho mob.