Hauv programming, cov npe tej zaum yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov qauv ntaub ntawv zoo li arrays. Cov npe yog dab tsi, yuav ua li cas los tsim lawv? Yuav ua li cas ua haujlwm nrog cov npe hauv Python? Koj yuav kawm txog qhov no los ntawm peb tsab xov xwm.

Cov npe dab tsi hauv Python?

Cov npe tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas ib nrab nrog arrays, tab sis qhov sib txawv thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov npe ( txwv tsis pub lawv tseem hu ua cov npe) yog tias lawv tuaj yeem sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv. Ntawd yog, daim ntawv teev npe qhib tau ntau dua rau kev khaws cia ib ntu ntawm cov khoom. Ib qho kev sib txawv, hu ua ib daim ntawv teev npe, muaj cov ntaub ntawv siv rau cov qauv hauv kev nco uas muaj cov ntawv xa mus rau lwm cov qauv.

Ib daim ntawv teev npe hauv Python yog ib qho kev txiav txim sau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab nws cov khoom yuav txawv.

Nws txhais li cas? Cia peb saib cov lus txhais kom ntxaws.

Qhov loj ntawm cov npe tuaj yeem hloov pauv, txo qis, cov kab tshiab ntxiv rau nws. Koj tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv. Nco ntsoov tias txhua zaus siv txoj hauv kev hauv ib daim ntawv teev npe, cov npe qub raug hloov, tsis yog daim ntawv luam.

Txhawm rau kom pom tseeb dua, koj tuaj yeem xav txog cov npe hauv Python ua cov npe ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau yuav hauv khw. Yog tias, thaum ua ib qho kev npaj yuav khoom, tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog tau nyob hauv ib qho hauv qab, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej kab, tom qab ntawd cov npe hauv Python muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus sib cais los ntawm commas thiab hauv square brackets kom Python tuaj yeem nkag siab tias. ib daim ntawv teev npe nyob ntawm no. Cov ntsiab lus tau muab ntim rau hauv cov lus hais. Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, vim tias txhua lub ntsiab lus yog ib txoj kab sib cais.

Txoj hauv kev los tsim ib daim ntawv teev npe

Tsiv mus rau qhov piv txwv classic, cia peb tsim cov npe uas peb yuav siv thiab hloov kho yav tom ntej. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov npe.

Ib ntawm lawv yog daim ntawv thov built-in muaj nuj nqi npe ( ). Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua txhua yam khoom uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua (ib txoj hlua, tuple, lossis cov npe uas twb muaj lawm). Hauv qhov no, ib txoj hlua.

Nov yog qhov tshwm sim thaum kawg:

> > > lis('list') ['c', 'n', 'i', 'c', 'o', 'to']

Qhov piv txwv thib ob qhia tau hais tias cov npe tuaj yeem muaj qhov txwv tsis pub muaj ntau yam khoom sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv teev npe tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm.

> > > s = [] # Empty list >>> l = ['s', 'p', ['isok'], 2] >>> s [] >>> l ['s', 'p' , ['ib'], 2]

Tom ntej no, peb, txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sau npe yog qhov hu ua npe generator.

Cov npe generator yog ib qho syntactic tsim los tsim cov npe. Nws zoo ib yam li rau lub voj.

>>> c = [c*3 for c in 'list'] >>> c ['lll', 'iii', 'sss', 'ttt']

Nws kuj tseem siv tau los tsim ntau cov qauv voluminous:

>>> c = [c*3 for c in 'list' if c != 'i'] >>> c ['lll', 'sss', 'ttt'] >>> c = [c + d for c hauv 'list' yog c != 'i' rau d hauv 'spam' yog d != 'a'] >>> c ['ls', 'lp', 'lm', 'ss', 'sp' , 'sm', 'ts', 'tp', 'tm']

Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tiam no tsis yog ib txwm ua tau zoo thaum sau ntau cov npe. Yog li ntawd, nws yog advisable siv ib lub voj los tsim cov npe.

Yog tias koj xav tau xa mus rau ib lub ntsiab lus los ntawm cov npe, ces indexes yog siv. Txhua lub ntsiab muaj nws tus kheej index.

Qhov ntsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom hauv daim ntawv teev npe.

Yog tias koj xav sau cov npe nrog rov ua dua, cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam, siv lub cim *. Piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum ntxiv peb tus lej zoo ib yam rau cov npe: [100] * 3.

Daim ntawv teev cov haujlwm

zog - Qhov no yog kab tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Python dua lwm hom lus programming. Cov haujlwm yooj yim built-in tuaj yeem siv rau cov npe.

Xav txog qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lawv:

• list(ntaus()) - yog tias txoj haujlwm yog los tsim cov npe ua ntu zus, ces qhov kev ua haujlwm ntau yog siv. Cov haujlwm no muaj cov qauv hauv qab no:

1. range(kawg). Nws yog siv thaum nws tsim nyog los tsim ib daim ntawv teev npe los ntawm xoom mus rau tus lej finite.
2. range (pib, kawg). Ob tus lej pib thiab qhov kawg tau teev tseg.
3. ntau yam (pib, kawg, kauj ruam). Cov kauj ruam parameter qhia tus yam ntxwv xaiv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav xaiv txhua tus lej thib tsib los ntawm ib ntu ntawm 1 txog 21, tom qab ntawd cov npe tshwm sim yuav zoo li: [10,15, 20].

Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntau tuaj yeem txo cov lej lej.

• flax ( lis ) - tso cai rau koj kom paub seb muaj pes tsawg lub ntsiab lus nyob hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
• sorted(cov npe, [key]) - txheeb cov khoom hauv daim ntawv teev npe nce mus.
• max (cov npe) - rov qab cov khoom loj tshaj plaws.
• min (cov npe) - kev ua haujlwm rov qab - tso cai rau koj rov qab cov khoom nrog tus nqi tsawg kawg nkaus.

Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv lwm cov haujlwm built-in:

• lis (tuple) - Hloov cov khoom tuple rau ib daim ntawv teev npe.
• sum(list) - suav tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hauv daim ntawv yog tias tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig yog tus lej, siv rau cov lej thiab lej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau. Yog tias muaj ib qho tsis yog tus lej hauv daim ntawv teev npe, txoj haujlwm yuav cuam tshuam qhov yuam kev: "TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'".

Kev teev npe

Cia peb rov qab mus rau peb cov npe ntawm cov khoom yuav hauv lub khw thiab hu rau nws lub khw muag khoom:

shoplist = []

Tom ntej no, xav txog cov txheej txheem sau npe:

• append(khoom) - Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov khoom rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe. Hauv qhov no, lub ntsiab lus tshiab yuav yog qhov kawg.

Cia peb sau peb cov npe tshiab nrog cov khoom tsim nyog:

shoplist.append(bread)

shoplist.append(milk)

• sau.txuas ntxiv (A) - ntxiv "cov npe rau npe". Qhov no txuag lub sijhawm raws li koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ntau yam khoom tib lub sijhawm. Cia peb hais tias peb twb muaj cov npe ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, peb yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov npe tseem ceeb.

shoplist.extend(fruits)

• insert (index, yam khoom) - ntxig rau ntawm lub caij nrog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tus nqi teev ua ntej qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas.
• lcount (khoom) - qhia tus naj npawb ntawm repetitions ntawm lub caij.
• sau.tshem tawm(yam khoom) yog qhov opposite function sau.ntxiv rau (x). Nws tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm txhua yam. Yog tias cov khoom xaiv tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv teev npe, qhov yuam kev raug tshaj tawm.
• pop([index]) - tshem tawm cov khoom xaiv thiab xa rov qab rau tib txoj kev. Yog hais tias lub caij tsis tau teev tseg, ces cov khoom kawg raug tshem tawm ntawm daim ntawv.
• tsi ([key]) - muab cov ntsiab lus tso rau hauv cov npe nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim nce mus, tab sis koj tuaj yeem hais qhia txog kev ua haujlwm.
• index (khoom) - qhia qhov Performance index ntawm thawj lub caij xaiv.
• Koj tuaj yeem nthuav cov npe, uas yog, tsom iav tag nrho nws cov ntsiab lus, siv txoj kev rov qab (list). Lub caij kawg dhau los ua thawj zaug, lub caij kawg yog qhov thib ob, thiab lwm yam.
• Ib daim ntawv teev npe yog tsim nrog cov lus txib daim ntawv (list).
• deepcopy (cov npe) - sib sib zog nqus luam.
• Tshem tawm tag nrho cov npe khoom siv txoj kev clear(list).

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov txheej txheem sau npe txawv ntawm txoj hlua txoj hauv kev uas lawv hloov daim ntawv tam sim ntawd, uas yog, tsis tas yuav rov qab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua.

> > > l = [1, 2, 3, 5, 7] >>> l.sort() >>> l[1, 2, 3, 5, 7] >>> l = l.sort() > > > print(l) Tsis muaj

Hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov npe:

>>> a = [66.25, 333, 333, 1, 1234.5] >>> print(a.count(333), a.count(66.25), a.count('x')) 2 1 0 >>> a.insert(2, -1) >>> a.append(333) >>> a [66.25, 333, -1, 333, 1, 1234.5, 333] >>> a.index(333) 1 >> > a.remove(333) >>> a [66.25, -1, 333, 1, 1234.5, 333] >>> a.reverse() >>> a [333, 1234.5, 1, 333, -1, 66.25 ] > > > a.sort() >>> a [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]