Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) yees duab thiab piav qhia

Matsutake (Tricholoma Matsutake)

• Tricholoma xeev siab;
• Nauseous armory;
• Armillaria cov ntaub ntawv.

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) yog ib tug fungus teej tug mus rau lub genus Tricholome.

Kev piav qhia sab nraud ntawm cov kab mob

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev nrog lub hau thiab qia. Nws cov nqaij yog dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ib tug qab ntxiag ntsim aroma, zoo li cov tsw ntawm cinnamon. Lub kaus mom muaj xim av, thiab hauv cov nceb siav thiab overripe, nws cov kab nrib pleb thiab dawb nceb pulp peeps los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws txoj kab uas hla, lub hau ntawm cov nceb no loj heev, muaj ib tug puag ncig-convex duab, ib tug tubercle ntawm loj dav yog kom meej meej pom ntawm nws. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hau yog qhuav, pib tawm-dawb los yog brownish, du. Tom qab ntawd, cov nplais fibrous tshwm rau ntawm nws. Cov npoo ntawm nceb hau yog me ntsis tucked; fibers thiab ib daim ntaub thaiv seem feem ntau pom ntawm lawv.

Lub hymenophore ntawm lub cev fruiting yog sawv cev los ntawm ib hom lamellar. Cov phiajcim yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim qab zib lossis xim dawb, uas hloov mus rau xim av nrog lub zog siab rau lawv lossis kev puas tsuaj. Mushroom pulp yog tuab heev thiab ntom, exudes ib tug pear-cinnamon aroma, saj mos, tawm ib iab aftertaste.

Cov nceb ceg yog tuab heev thiab ntom, nws qhov ntev tuaj yeem yog 9 txog 25 cm, thiab tuab yog 1.5-3 cm. Nws nthuav mus rau lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub club. Qee zaum, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tuaj yeem nqaim. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim dawb-dawb thiab ib lub nplhaib tsis sib xws xim av fibrous. Cov hmoov txheej yog pom zoo rau saum nws, thiab sab qis ntawm cov nceb ceg yog them nrog walnut-xim av fibrous nplai.

Cov ceg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim av tsaus nti thiab qhov ntev ntev. Nws nyuaj heev kom nws tawm hauv av.

Habitat thiab fruiting lub sij hawm

Cov nceb Matsutake, uas nws lub npe tau txhais los ntawm Nyij Pooj los ua Pine Mushroom, loj hlob hauv Asia, Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv, North America thiab Northern Europe. Nws hlob nyob ze ntawm ko taw ntawm cov ntoo, feem ntau nkaum hauv qab nplooj poob. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm matsutake nceb yog nws symbiosis nrog cov hauv paus hniav ntawm haib ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv North America, cov fungus yog ib tug symbiosis nrog ntoo thuv los yog fir, thiab nyob rau hauv Nyiv - nrog liab Pine. Nyiam kom loj hlob ntawm infertile thiab qhuav av, tsim lub nplhaib-type colonies. Interestingly, raws li hom nceb matures, cov av nyob rau hauv lub mycelium rau ib co yog vim li cas tig dawb. Yog tias dheev lub fertility ntawm cov av nce, xws li ib puag ncig yuav tsis haum rau kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake). Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov ceg poob thiab cov nplooj qub nce.

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo matsutake pib thaum lub Cuaj Hli, thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog lub Kaum Hli. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub Federation, hom fungus no muaj nyob rau yav qab teb Urals, lub Urals, Far East thiab Primorye, Eastern thiab Southern Siberia.

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) yog ib hom mycorrhizal ntawm ntoo qhib thiab ntoo thuv, pom nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib ntoo thiab ntoo thuv hav zoov. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm cov fungus pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv pawg.

Kev noj haus

Matsutake nceb (Tricholoma matsutake) yog noj tau, thiab koj tuaj yeem siv nws hauv txhua daim ntawv, ob qho tib si nyoos thiab boiled, stewed los yog kib. Cov nceb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm siab palatability, qee zaum nws yog pickled los yog salted, tab sis ntau zaus nws yog noj tshiab. Yuav kom qhuav. Lub pulp ntawm fruiting lub cev yog elastic, thiab saj yog tshwj xeeb, raws li yog lub aroma (matsutake tsw zoo li resin). Nws yog heev txaus siab los ntawm gourmets. Matsutake tuaj yeem qhuav.

Cov hom zoo sib xws, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv

Xyoo 1999, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Sweden, Danell thiab Bergius, tau ua ib txoj kev tshawb fawb uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab raws nraim tias Swedish nceb Tricholoma nauseosum, yav tas los suav tias yog ib hom zoo sib xws rau Japanese matsutake, yog qhov sib txawv ntawm nceb. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib piv DNA tau tso cai kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm kev xa tawm ntawm cov nceb no los ntawm Scandinavia mus rau Nyiv. Thiab lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug thov rau cov khoom yog nws qab saj thiab qab ntxiag nceb aroma.