Pwm
Lo lus "pwm" yog paub rau peb txhua tus, thiab txhua tus paub tias qhov no zoo li cas. Tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus xav txog qhov nws tiag tiag yog dab tsi thiab qhov twg los ntawm peb lub tsev. Tam sim no peb tab tom tham txog qhov ntawd.
Pwm yog hu ua microscopic fungi uas tsim cov yam ntxwv raids nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov organic lub cev, ua rau cov zaub mov spoilage.
Peb Lub Tebchaws yeej ib txwm paub txog cov zaub mov zoo, yog li rau peb feem ntau nws tseem tsis paub meej - yuav ua li cas thiaj suav nrog cov khoom pwm hauv cov khoom noj? Tab sis pwm kuj txawv! Nco ntsoov, piv txwv li, qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb xws li penicillin!
Pwm pib tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Pwm thawj cov ntaub ntawv, ces kab mob. Pwm, raws li txoj cai, tshwm sim qhov twg muaj cov xwm txheej zoo rau nws - pwm spores pib germinate, thiab lawv sib ntxiv sai heev! Yog tias peb muaj lub tshuab tsom iav ntawm tes thiab txawm tias cov khoom pwm me ntsis (piv txwv li, cheese), ces peb yuav txaus ntshai los ntawm kev saib nws ntawm ntau qhov nce ntxiv - tus naj npawb ntawm cov pwm spores tsuas yog ntau lab!
- high humidity
- Qhov ntsuas kub hauv chav yog 17-30 degrees Celsius.
Pwm tsis nyiam huv thiab qhuav cua heev; koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cua tawm hauv chav thaum nws los nag, txias thiab ntub sab nraud. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias pwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom noj khov, qhov no tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tseem - xyuas lawv ntau zaus. Tsis txhob khaws cov khoom noj khov rau ntev - tsis pub ntau tshaj ib hlis. Cov txheej txheem ntawm rotting thiab deterioration tshwm sim maj mam txawm nyob rau ntawm qhov kub qis tshaj.
Raws li peb tau hais los saum no, pwm yog ib hom kab mob tshwj xeeb. Thawj thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws Poland tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb uas ua pov thawj tias pwm (tsis pom cov fungi, tab sis nws cov spores) provokes xws li cov ntshav loj xws li leukemia. Nws kuj tau pom tias txiv laum huab xeeb cuam tshuam los ntawm pwm muaj qhov muaj zog ntawm cov co toxins uas lawv tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog siv feem ntau ntawm lawv lub neej hauv thaj chaw nyob, thiab, raws li txoj cai, cov chaw no raug kaw (txawm nws yog lub tsheb, chav tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm). Qhov ntawd yog, peb ua pa tsuas yog cua uas nyob hauv chav. Lub ntsws niches muaj peev xwm lim tawm cov kab mob feem ntau zoo, tab sis cov pwm spores muaj lawv tus kheej peculiarity - lawv kis tau cov kab mob ua pa uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, nyob tob rau hauv lub ntsws thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws kuj tau pom tias nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj thiab mob hawb pob nyob, pwm muaj nyob rau hauv 80 tus neeg ntawm 100. Muaj txawm hom pwm uas nws cov spores tuaj yeem ua rau diathesis hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev ua xua (uas dhau sijhawm, yog tias tsis saib xyuas. , tuaj yeem ua rau mob hawb pob). Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam los ntawm kev ua xua, tsis tu ncua ntub dej, khaws cov zaub mov hauv tsev tshiab, thiab pub zaub mov rau koj tus menyuam hauv tsev.
Pwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob qhov twg, tab sis feem ntau cov niam tsev ntsib nws hauv lawv lub tub yees. Cov lus nug tam sim ntawd tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas nrog cov khoom pwm? Ntau zaus tshaj txhua yam khoom, qhob cij raug pwm. Nws poob mob nrog cov kab mob no nyob rau hnub thib ob lossis thib peb tom qab kev yuav khoom. Ntau tus niam tsev, tau pom zoo li qhov tsis txaus siab xav tsis thoob, tsuas yog txiav tawm thaj tsam cuam tshuam los ntawm pwm, thiab siv cov qhob cij seem rau zaub mov. Tsis muaj leej twg ntawm peb xav txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yuav ua li cas rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm peb tsev neeg.
Ua tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, peb tau kawm tias cov khoom lag luam uas cuam tshuam cov pwm thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj, xws li yogurt, yuav tsum muab pov tseg tag nrho (vim lawv muaj cov qauv ntxeem tau, thiab cov pwm spores kis tsis tau tsuas yog rau saum npoo, tab sis kuj rau qhov tob heev ntawm cov khoom noj siv mis los yog cov khoom siv hmoov nplej).
Muaj ib qho kev zam me me rau txoj cai no - nyuaj cheese. Yog tias koj pom tias pwm tau tsim rau ntawm cov cheese, ces koj tuaj yeem txiav tawm thaj tsam ntawm u2bu4bthe cov khoom (XNUMX-XNUMX cm), thiab txawm tias tom qab kev tswj hwm no, tsis txhob noj cov cheese ntxiv (qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem siv tau. ua pizza).
Tej zaum, peb txhua tus yuav tsum tau nrog pwm ntawm jam. Qee tus niam tsev zoo siab rau kev pov tseg lawv cov khoom nyiam uas tau npaj los ntawm lawv tus kheej tes, thiab lawv nco txog penicillin, lossis cov neeg tseem ceeb cheese nrog pwm. Tsuas yog cov pwm no tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau penicillin, lossis kim cheeses uas muaj ntxhiab tsw! Tom qab tag nrho, cov pwm siv hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb yog cog thiab npaj, thiab cov khoom pwm hauv tsev muaj txog li ib puas tebchaw uas muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg. Hauv tsev thiab noble cheese pwm muaj cov npe sib txawv thiab muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Yog hais tias xws li ib tug tshwm sim, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob kho nws indifferently. Yog lawm, koj yuav tsis tuag los ntawm qhov tsis kaj siab ntxiv rau koj cov zaub mov, tab sis nws tseem yog ib qho mob hnyav heev. Lub siab yuav raug kev txom nyem ua ntej, ib yam li cov zaub mov lom, tsis hais cov tshuaj lom. Koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd haus activated charcoal (1 ntsiav tshuaj ib 10 kilograms ntawm ib tug neeg qhov hnyav), yog hais tias noj ntau cov khoom lwj, ces nws yog advisable mus haus ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate los ntxuav lub plab. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum haus dej huv ntau, koj tuaj yeem nrog txiv qaub, sov tsis muaj zog tshuaj yej, kom lub cev ntxuav sai dua. Rau kev tuav pov hwm rov qab, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov tshuaj uas kho cov kab mob siab.
Tsis txhob xav tias tej pwm puas tsim kev puas tsuaj thiab phem. Muaj ntau hom pwm, yog li cia peb saib lawv.
noble pwm
Hauv Peb Lub Tebchaws, cov kab mob no hu ua grey rot, qhov tseeb, microbiologists muab nws lub npe Botrytis cinerea (thawj nws tua lub cev nws tus kheej, thiab tom qab ntawd pub rau cov ntaub so ntswg tuag). Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tib neeg raug kev txom nyem heev los ntawm cov fungus, raws li ib tug ntau ntawm cov khoom noj (berries, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub) yuav siv tsis tau vim nws. Tab sis, tej zaum koj yuav xav tsis thoob, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis thiab Hungary, ua tsaug rau cov hom fungus no, lub npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab qab hom cawv yog tsim. Yog li ntawd, nws paub tseeb tias yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws no pwm hu ua "noble".
xiav pwm
Yog hais tias cov pwm noble tau kawm tsis ntev dhau los, ces cov pwm xiav tau paub txij li lub sijhawm immemorial. Hom pwm no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv marble (Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Dor xiav).
Cov pwm dawb
Hom pwm no (Pinicillium camamberti thiab caseicolum) kuj tau ntxiv rau cov cheese thaum nws npaj yuav ntxiv cov cim tshwj xeeb rau cov yam ntxwv tsw. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov pwm dawb, xws li cov cheese uas muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo li Camembert thiab Brie tau yug los. Ntxiv mus, Camembert yog suav tias muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thaum kawg ntawm hnub tas sijhawm.
Nco ntsoov tias tsuas yog cov cheese zoo nrog cov pwm muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag tsis muaj mob rau lub cev, nws muaj ntau yam kab mob. Tab sis txawm tias cov khoom zoo li no tsis pom zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab menyuam yaus, thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim txom nws.