12% ntawm cov neeg tuag yog vim muaj kab mob ua pa, thiab qhov ua rau tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub no yog vim muaj kab mob ua pa. ENT thiab pulmonary care yog li ntawd txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv. Kev kho mob ntawm qee yam mob ua pa nrog rau kev siv lub nebulizer. Cov cuab yeej kho mob tsis ntev los no no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm faib cov tshuaj hauv daim ntawv aerosol ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub ntsws.

Lub nebulizer, los yog nebulizer, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov cov tshuaj ua kua rau hauv aerosol, uas yog hais rau hauv cov tee dej uas yuav sai thiab yooj yim nqus los ntawm txoj kev ua pa thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm tus neeg mob tsim nyog. Nebulized aerosol txoj kev kho yog ib qho zoo heev, tsis mob, txoj kev kho mob hauv zos nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim tsawg dua piv rau kev kho mob.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg

Nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas aerosol yog tsim, muaj peb hom nebulizer:

• pneumatic nebulizers, uas tsim cov aerosol ua tsaug rau cov roj xa mus rau hauv siab (cua lossis oxygen);
• ultrasonic nebulizers, uas siv ultrasound rau deform ib tug siv lead ua uas yuav kis vibrations rau cov kua yuav tsum nebulized;
• membrane nebulizers, uas siv lub sieve perforated nrog ntau txhiab lub qhov ob peb microns nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla los ntawm uas cov kua yuav tsum nebulized yog projected los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no.

Pneumatic nebulizer

Nws yog tus qauv qub tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv nebulizer, ob qho tib si hauv tsev kho mob thiab hauv tsev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm peb ntu:

• lub compressor uas xa cua los yog oxygen nyob rau hauv siab;
• ib tug nebulizer, txuas nrog lub compressor los ntawm ib tug tubing, nyob rau hauv uas yog nkag tau rau cov tshuaj kua kua yuav tsum nebulized. Lub nebulizer nws tus kheej muaj lub tank uas tau txais cov kua (2ml mus rau 8ml), lub nozzle los ntawm cov pa roj compressed, ib tug ntaus ntawv rau nqus cov kua los ntawm lub venturi nyhuv, thiab ib tug deflector uas cov tee dej tawg mus rau hauv zoo, breathable hais;
• ib tug neeg mob interface txuas nrog rau lub nebulizer uas tej zaum yuav yog lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, lub qhov ncauj los yog lub qhov ntswg.

Lub sij hawm nebulization los ntawm Latin nebula (mist) txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj uas yog nyob rau hauv kev daws yog muab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pos, hu ua aerosol. Cov tee dej nyob rau hauv kev ncua nyob rau hauv no pos huab yog modular muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab loj nyob ntawm seb pathology yuav tsum tau kho.

Txawv particle loj

Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom yuav raug xaiv raws li qhov chaw ua pa kom ncav cuag

Particle muaj pes tsawg leeg

Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb dispensed los ntawm aerosol yog haum rau txhua hom pathology:

• bronchodilators (ß2 mimics, anticholinergics), uas ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua kom lub bronchi dilate sai, yog siv rau kev kho mob hawb pob mob hnyav los yog flare-ups ntawm cov kab mob ntsws ntev (COPD);
• corticosteroids (budesonide, beclomethasone) yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog bronchodilator rau kev kho mob hawb pob;
• mucolytics thiab viscolytics pab nyias cov hnoos qeev uas accumulates hauv bronchi hauv cystic fibrosis;
• tshuaj tua kab mob (tobramycin, colistin) tau muab rau hauv zos rau kev kho mob thaum muaj cystic fibrosis;
• laryngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media kuj tseem tuaj yeem kho los ntawm nebulization.

Cov pej xeem txhawj xeeb lossis muaj kev pheej hmoo

Pathology kho los ntawm nebulization yog cov kab mob ntev uas yuav tsum tau kev kho mob hauv zos uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab tsis muaj ntau npaum li qhov ua tau ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim.

Nebulization aerosol therapy tsis xav tau kev siv zog lossis kev txav mus los ntawm tus neeg mob, yog li qhov kev kho no tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau cov menyuam mos, menyuam yaus, cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg uas muaj kev txav mus los.

Nebulization feem ntau siv hauv tsev kho mob, menyuam yaus, pulmonary, xwm txheej ceev lossis chaw kho mob hnyav. Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua tau tom tsev.

Siv lub tshuab nqus tsev nyob hauv tsev yuav tsum tau "kev cob qhia" ua ntej rau nebulization kom ua tau zoo. Txoj haujlwm no yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob (cov kws kho mob, kws saib xyuas neeg mob, kws kho lub cev, thiab lwm yam) lossis kws muag tshuaj.

Thaum twg siv nws?

Nebulization tom tsev yuav tsum tsuas yog ua raws li kev kho mob tshuaj. Qhov kev txiav txim yuav tsum qhia ob peb lub ntsiab lus :

• cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau nebulized, nws ntim (piv txwv li: ib koob ntawm 2 ml), tej zaum nws dilution los yog nws sib tov nrog lwm yam tshuaj;
• pes tsawg zaus yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau ib hnub thiab thaum twg lawv yuav tsum tau ua yog hais tias muaj lwm yam kev kho mob (piv txwv li, ua ntej physiotherapy zaug);
• lub sijhawm ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tham (5 txog 10 feeb siab tshaj);
• tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob;
• tus qauv ntawm nebulizer thiab compressor yuav tsum tau siv;
• hom npog ntsej muag lossis lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj pom zoo.

Cov theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm

• Cov rooj sib tham yuav tsum tau ua kom deb ntawm cov pluas noj kom tsis txhob ntuav;
• lub qhov ntswg thiab caj pas yuav tsum tau meej (siv lub qhov ntswg qhov ntswg rau cov menyuam mos);
• koj yuav tsum zaum nrog koj lub nraub qaum ncaj, lossis nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zaum ib nrab rau menyuam mos;
• koj yuav tsum tau so kom txaus;
• lub nebulizer yog tuav ntsug thiab lub qhov ncauj, los yog lub npog ntsej muag, yog khaws cia zoo siv los ntawm lub teeb siab;
• koj yuav tsum ua pa hauv koj lub qhov ncauj thiab tom qab ntawd ua pa tawm ntsiag to;
• "gurgling" nyob rau hauv lub nebulizer qhia tias lub tank yog khoob, thiab hais tias qhov kev sib kho yog li ntawd lawm.

Ceev faj kom ua

Ua ntej lub rooj sib tham:

• ntxuav koj txhais tes kom zoo;
• qhib lub nebulizer thiab ncuav cov tshuaj rau hauv nws;
• txuas lub qhov ncauj los yog daim npog qhov ncauj;
• txuas mus rau lub compressor ntawm lub tubing;
• ntsaws rau hauv thiab qhib lub compressor.

Tom qab kev sib tham:

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib leeg-siv nebulizer, cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tua kab mob nrog kev saib xyuas:

• Thaum kawg ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tham, lub nebulizer yuav tsum tau disassembled, tag nrho cov kev npaj muab pov tseg, thiab tag nrho cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxuav nyob rau hauv dej kub soapy;
• txhua hnub, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob 15 feeb hauv dej npau npau;
• cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab cia kom qhuav nyob rau hauv qhov qhib cua thiab muab cia kom deb ntawm cov plua plav.

Kev xaiv ntawm ib tug nebulizer yuav tsum tau yoog rau txhua rooj plaub thiab txhua hom kev kho mob. Nws yuav tsum ua tau raws li qee yam kev cai.

Cov kev txwv rau kev xaiv ntawm nws cov nebulizer

• Hom tshuaj yuav tsum tau nebulized: qee qhov kev npaj tsis haum rau txhua yam ntawm nebulizer (xws li corticosteroids zoo dua diffused los ntawm ultrasonic nebulizers);
• Tus neeg mob profile: rau cov menyuam mos, cov neeg laus lossis cov neeg xiam oob qhab, lub npog ntsej muag yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li tus neeg mob interface;
• autonomy ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev thauj mus los;
• tus nqi rau cov nyiaj (cov tsev qiv ntawv muaj nyob ntawm cov chaw muag khoom siv kho mob);
• Lub tshuab nqus tsev yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus qauv NF EN 13544-1 thiab yuav tsum tau muab cov lus qhia piav qhia txog nws txoj haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog.