Kev kuaj kab mob STD suav nrog kev nrhiav cov kab mob sib kis (STDs), tam sim no hu ua STIs ( kis kab mob sib deev ). Ntawm cov kab mob STIs uas twb muaj lawm, qee qhov ua rau muaj tsos mob, lwm tus tsis ua. Yog li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas lawv txhawm rau kho lawv thiab zam, rau qee qhov teeb meem loj.

Kev kuaj kab mob STD suav nrog kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov kab mob sib txawv ( kab mob sib deev), tam sim no hu ua STIs ( kis kab mob sib deev ). Qhov no yog ib txheej xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob, cov kab mob los yog cov kab mob cab uas kis tau thaum sib deev, nrog rau kev nkag mus lossis rau qee yam, tsis muaj.

Muaj cov kab mob STIs sib txawv:

• kis kab mob HIV lossis AIDS;
• kab mob siab B;
• syphilis ("pox");
• chlamydia, tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob Chlamydia trachomatis;
• lymphogranulomatosis venereal (LGV) tshwm sim los ntawm qee yam ntawm Chlamydia thrachomatis tshwj xeeb yog txhoj puab heev;
• qhov chaw mos herpes;
• kab mob papillomavirus (HPV);
• gonorrhea (feem ntau hu ua "kub piss") tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis heev, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonocoque);
• vaginitis ntawm Trichomonas vaginalis (los yog trichonomase);
• Cov kab mob mycoplasma, tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv: Mycoplasma qhov chaw mos (MG), Mycoplasma, Mycoplasma urealyticum ;
• Qee qhov kab mob vulvovaginal poov xab kis tau thaum sib deev, tab sis kuj tseem muaj peev xwm kis tau cov kab mob poov xab yam tsis muaj kev sib deev.

Condoms tiv thaiv kab mob STIs feem ntau, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij yooj yim tuaj yeem ua rau kis tus kab mob chlamydia, piv txwv li.

Yog li kev kuaj mob STDs yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Feem ntau nyob ntsiag to, lawv tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw ntawm ntau yam teeb meem: 

• dav dav nrog rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob: kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov muag, hlwb, paj hlwb, lub plawv rau syphilis; cirrhosis lossis mob qog noj ntshav rau kab mob siab B; evolution ntawm AIDS rau HIV;
• kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev loj hlob mus rau qhov mob ua ntej lossis mob qog noj ntshav rau qee yam HPVs;
• tubal, zes qe menyuam lossis pelvic kev koom tes uas tuaj yeem ua rau tubal sterility (tom qab salpingitis) lossis ectopic cev xeeb tub (chlamydia, gonococcus);
• Kev sib kis ntawm niam-fetal nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus menyuam mos (chlamydia, gonococcus, HPV, kab mob siab, HIV).

Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txhua tus kab mob STIs ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob AIDS.

Kev kuaj mob hauv tsev kho mob yuav taw qhia rau qee yam kab mob STIs, tab sis qhov kev kuaj mob xav tau kev kuaj sim: serology los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav lossis kuaj kab mob bacteriological nyob ntawm STI.

• Kev kuaj HIV yog ua los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav, tsawg kawg 3 lub hlis tom qab muaj kev pheej hmoo sib deev, yog tias muaj. Kev xeem ELISA ua ke yog siv. Nws muaj kev tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob HIV, nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav tus kab mob, p24 antigen, kuaj pom ntxov dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog tias qhov kev sim no zoo, qhov kev sim thib ob hu ua Western-Blot yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tias tus kab mob no puas muaj tiag. Tsuas yog qhov kev kuaj pom tseeb no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias tus neeg muaj tus kabmob HIV tiag tiag. Nco ntsoov tias niaj hnub no muaj kev taw qhia tus kheej rau kev muag khoom yam tsis muaj ntawv sau tshuaj hauv khw muag tshuaj. Nws yog ua los ntawm ib tug me me poob ntawm cov ntshav. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm kev kuaj thib ob;
• gonococcal gonorrhea yog kuaj pom siv cov qauv ntawm qhov nkag mus rau qhov chaw mos rau cov poj niam, thaum kawg ntawm qhov chaw mos rau cov txiv neej. urinalysis tej zaum yuav txaus;
• Kev kuaj mob chlamydia yog ua raws li lub hauv paus swab ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw mos ntawm cov poj niam, thiab hauv cov txiv neej, cov zis tso zis los yog lub swab ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv cov zis;
• kev tshuaj xyuas kab mob siab B yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav ua serology;
• Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob herpes yog tsim los ntawm kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob raug mob; kom paub meej tias qhov kev kuaj mob, cov qauv ntawm tes los ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau hauv chav kuaj;
• Papillomaviruses (HPV) tuaj yeem kuaj pom ntawm kev kuaj mob (nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm condylomata) los yog thaum lub sij hawm smear. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ib qho txawv txav smear (ASC-US hom rau "squamous cell abnormalities ntawm tsis paub qhov tseem ceeb"), ib qho kev kuaj HPV yuav raug sau. Yog tias nws zoo, colposcopy (kev kuaj xyuas ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam siv lub iav loj loj) raug pom zoo nrog rau cov qauv biopsy yog tias pom qhov txawv txav;
• Trichomonas vaginitis yog kuaj tau yooj yim heev ntawm kev kuaj mob gynecological nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm ntau cov tsos mob qhia (xav ntawm qhov chaw mos kub hnyiab, khaus, mob thaum muaj kev sib deev) thiab cov tsos mob ntawm qhov chaw mos (ntau, tsw ntxhiab, ntsuab thiab foamy). Yog tias tsis ntseeg, tuaj yeem kuaj qhov chaw mos;
• kev kuaj mob ntawm lymphogranulomatosis venereal yuav tsum muaj cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob;
• Cov kab mob mycoplasma tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab swab hauv zos.

Cov kev kuaj kab mob sib txawv no tuaj yeem raug sau los ntawm kev kho mob lossis kws kho mob tshwj xeeb (gynecologist, urologist). Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tseem muaj cov chaw tshwj xeeb, CeGIDD (Cov Ntaub Ntawv Dawb, Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb) tau tso cai los kuaj xyuas kab mob siab B thiab C thiab STIs. Cov Chaw Pabcuam Niam Txiv thiab Menyuam Yaus (PMI), Family Planning and Education Center (CPEF) thiab Family Planning lossis Planning Centers kuj tuaj yeem muab kev kuaj dawb.

Kev kuaj kab mob STD tuaj yeem raug sau rau cov tsos mob sib txawv:

• tso zis ntawm qhov chaw mos uas txawv ntawm cov xim, tsis hnov ​​tsw, kom muaj nuj nqis;
• irritation nyob rau hauv lub intimate cheeb tsam;
• urinary ntshawv siab: tso zis nyuaj, tso zis mob, nquag tso zis;
• mob thaum sib deev;
• cov tsos mob ntawm me me warts (HPV), chancre (me me tsis mob tus yam ntxwv ntawm syphilis), hlwv (qhov chaw mos herpes) nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mos;
• mob plab;
• metrorrhagia;
• qaug zog, xeev siab, jaundice;
• kub hnyiab thiab / lossis daj tawm ntawm qhov chaw mos (bennoragia);
• Qhov chaw mos tso tawm thaum sawv ntxov los yog lub teeb, ntshiab oozing (chlamydiae).

Kev tshuaj ntsuam kuj tuaj yeem thov los ntawm tus neeg mob lossis tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg tom qab kev sib deev txaus ntshai (kev sib deev tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, kev sib raug zoo nrog tus neeg tsis ntseeg siab, thiab lwm yam).

Raws li qee tus kab mob STDs nyob twj ywm, kev tshuaj ntsuam kab mob STD kuj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ib feem ntawm kev soj ntsuam gynecological. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam los ntawm kev kuaj HPV, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (HAS) pom zoo kom muaj smear txhua 3 xyoos txij li 25 txog 65 xyoo tom qab ob qho tib si smears ua ib xyoos sib nrug. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hlis 2018 lub tswv yim, HAS kuj pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas kab mob chlamydia hauv cov poj niam kev sib deev muaj hnub nyoog 15 txog 25 xyoos, nrog rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv qee qhov xwm txheej: ntau tus neeg koom tes (tsawg kawg yog ob tus neeg koom tes hauv ib xyoos), kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm tus khub, tus neeg. los yog cov neeg koom tes kuaj mob nrog lwm tus STIs, keeb kwm ntawm STIs, cov txiv neej uas muaj kev sib deev nrog txiv neej (MSM), cov neeg nyob hauv prostitution los yog tom qab rape.

Thaum kawg, hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev saib xyuas cev xeeb tub, qee qhov kev kuaj mob yuav tsum tau ua (syphilis, kab mob siab B), lwm tus pom zoo (HIV).

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo, kev kho mob nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm tus kab mob:

• Tus kab mob HIV tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, tab sis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev kho mob (triple therapy) rau lub neej tuaj yeem thaiv nws txoj kev loj hlob;
• trichomonas vaginitis, gonorrhea, mycoplasma kab mob yog yooj yim thiab zoo kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tej zaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "kev kho mob ceev";
• lymphogranulomatosis venereal yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj tua kab mob 3 lub lis piam;
• syphilis yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob (txhaj tshuaj los yog qhov ncauj);
• Tus kab mob HPV raug kho txawv nyob ntawm seb nws puas tau ua rau mob, thiab qhov mob hnyav. Cov kev tswj hwm muaj xws li kev saib xyuas yooj yim mus rau conization nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm high-qib lesions, nrog rau cov kev kho mob hauv zos ntawm warts los yog kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm laser;
• tus kab mob herpes ntawm qhov chaw mos tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Kev kho mob ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tawm tsam qhov mob thiab txwv lub sijhawm thiab kev siv ntawm tus kab mob herpes thaum muaj kev tawm tsam;
• Feem ntau ntawm cov mob, tus kab mob siab B yuav daws tau nws tus kheej, tab sis qee zaus nws tuaj yeem ua mus ntev.

Tus khub yuav tsum tau kho kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rov kis kab mob.

Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau ntau yam kab mob STIs thaum kuaj.