Tsis pom ntawm peb lub qhov muag, txawm li cas los xij nws muab kev ruaj ntseg, nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Txawm hais tias nws yuav kho pob ntseg los yog mob qog noj ntshav, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kabmob, hlwb thiab cov khoom siv. Feem ntau ntawm cov hlwb tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug sau ntawm cov kabmob hu ua lymphoid organs.

• La pob txha pob txha thiab thymus. Cov kabmob no tsim cov kabmob tiv thaiv kabmob (lymphocytes).
• La nqi, lub cov mob ua paug, lub tonsils thiab lymphoid cell pawg nyob rau hauv lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub digestive system, ua pa, genitals thiab urinary ib ntsuj av. Nws feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov kab mob peripheral uas cov hlwb raug hu los teb.

Qhov ceev ntawm kev ua ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qhov no yog raws li, ntawm lwm yam, ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm ntau tus players koom nrog. Cov kab mob plawv yog tib txoj kev uas txuas cov kab mob lymphoid.

Txawm hais tias peb tseem tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia tag nrho cov txheej txheem, tam sim no peb paub tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lub paj hlwb thiab cov kab mob endocrine. Qee qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog piv rau cov tshuaj hormones zais los ntawm cov qog endocrine, thiab cov kab mob lymphoid muaj cov receptors rau paj hlwb thiab cov lus hormonal.

Cov theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob:

• cov lus teb tsis tshwj xeeb, uas yog "innate tiv thaiv" (yog li lub npe vim nws yog tam sim no los ntawm kev yug me nyuam), ua yam tsis xav txog qhov xwm ntawm micro-kab mob uas nws sib ntaus;
• cov lus teb tshwj xeeb, uas yog "tau txais kev tiv thaiv", suav nrog kev lees paub ntawm tus neeg sawv cev raug tawm tsam thiab nco txog qhov xwm txheej no.

Lub cev tiv thaiv

La daim tawv nqaij thiab mob ua xas yog thawj qhov kev thaiv ntuj uas cov neeg tawm tsam tuaj tawm tsam. Cov tawv nqaij yog lub cev loj tshaj plaws hauv lub cev thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo kawg nkaus tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tsim lub cev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig thiab peb lub tshuab tseem ceeb, nws muaj ib puag ncig ua phem rau microbes: nws qhov chaw yog me ntsis acidic thiab qhuav qhuav, thiab nws tau npog nrog "zoo" kab mob. Qhov no piav qhia vim li cas kev tu cev ntau dhau tsis tas yuav yog qhov zoo rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Qhov ncauj, qhov muag, pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, qhov tso zis thiab qhov chaw mos tseem muab txoj hauv kev rau cov kab mob. Cov kev no kuj muaj lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, hnoos thiab txham reflexes thawb cov kab mob tawm ntawm txoj hlab pa.

lwj

Kev mob yog thawj qhov teeb meem uas tau ntsib los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic uas hla peb lub hnab ntawv. Zoo li daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias, hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob no ua haujlwm yam tsis paub txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg sawv cev nws tawm tsam. Lub hom phiaj ntawm o yog kom inactivate cov aggressors thiab nqa tawm cov ntaub so ntswg kho (thaum raug mob). Ntawm no yog cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm o.

• La vasodilation thiab qhov loj tshaj permeability capillaries hauv cheeb tsam cuam tshuam muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua kom cov ntshav khiav (lub luag haujlwm rau qhov liab) thiab tso cai tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm o.
• Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm phagocytes : hom ntshav dawb uas muaj peev xwm coj tau cov kab mob pathogenic microorganisms lossis lwm cov kab mob thiab ua kom puas tsuaj. Muaj ntau ntau hom: monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages thiab natural killer cells (NK cells).
• Lub kaw lus ntawm txhawb ntxiv, uas suav nrog txog nees nkaum proteins uas ua hauv cascade thiab tso cai rau kev puas tsuaj ncaj qha ntawm microbes. Cov txheej txheem ntxiv tuaj yeem qhib tau los ntawm microbes lawv tus kheej lossis los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb (saib hauv qab).

Interferons

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob viral, lub cuam ​​tshuam yog glycoproteins uas inhibit qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov hlwb. Thaum secreted, lawv diffuse mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab txhawb cov nyob sib ze lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub xub ntiag ntawm microbial co toxins tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov interferons.

Qhov no yog qhov twg lymphocytes tuaj, ib hom ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb uas muaj ob chav kawm txawv: B lymphocytes thiab T lymphocytes.

• cov B hlwb suav txog li 10% ntawm lymphocytes ncig hauv cov ntshav. Thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntsib tus neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws, B hlwb raug txhawb, sib npaug thiab pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov proteins uas txuas lawv tus kheej mus rau txawv teb chaws cov proteins; qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob.
• cov T lymphocytes sawv cev ntau dua 80% ntawm cov lymphocytes hauv kev ncig. Muaj ob hom T lymphocytes: cytotoxic T hlwb uas, thaum ua haujlwm, ncaj qha rhuav tshem cov hlwb uas muaj kab mob thiab cov qog hlwb, thiab pab txhawb T hlwb, uas tswj hwm lwm yam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ib qho uas txhim kho ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm peb lub cev ntsib nrog cov khoom txawv teb chaws tshwj xeeb. Yog li, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nco ntsoov cov kab mob tshwj xeeb thiab cov kab mob uas nws twb tau ntsib nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau qhov kev sib ntsib thib ob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab sai dua. Nws kwv yees tias tus neeg laus muaj qhov nco 10⁹ Ntawm 10¹¹ txawv txawv teb chaws proteins. Qhov no piav qhia vim li cas ib tus tsis kis kab mob khaub thuas thiab mononucleosis ob zaug, piv txwv li. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog los txhawb qhov kev nco ntawm thawj zaug ntsib nrog tus kab mob.

chaw

Canadian Medical Association. Family Medical Encyclopedia, Xaiv los ntawm Reader's Digest, Canada, 1993.

Starnbach MN (Ed). Qhov tseeb txog koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob; koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi, Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab Koom Tes ntawm Harvard College, United States, 2004.

Vander Aj et al. Human physiologyLes Éditions de la Chenelière Inc., Canada, 1995.