txheem
Microelements (micronutrients) yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob nyob ntawm.
Lawv tsis yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog, tab sis lawv yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb. Yuav tsum tau muaj tsawg heev (txhua hnub ntsuas hauv milli-thiab micrograms, tsawg dua 200 mg).
Yog hais tias tib neeg lub cev raug soj ntsuam kom meej, nws yuav pom tseeb: peb muaj ntau hom tshuaj sib txuas, 30 ntawm uas yog microelements. Lawv yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm tib neeg lub cev, thiab lawv qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg laus thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Micronutrients: dab tsi yog
Cov pab pawg ntawm micronutrients hauv kev tshawb fawb feem ntau muab faib ua 2 pawg: cov khoom tseem ceeb (tseem ceeb); conditionally tseem ceeb (tseem ceeb rau lub cev, tab sis tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv luv luv).
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj micro yog: hlau (Fe); tooj liab (Cu); iodine (kuv); zinc (Zn); cobalt (cov); chromium (Cr); molybdenum (Mo); selenium (Se); Manganese (Mn).
Qhov tseem ceeb micronutrients: boron (B); bromine (Br); fluorine (F); lithium (li); npib tsib xee (Ni); silicon (Si); vanadium (V).
Raws li lwm qhov kev faib tawm, cov kab hauv qab tau muab faib ua 3 pawg:
- Cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov: Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, B, Si, F, I (nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 0,05%);
- 20 cov ntsiab lus uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus qis dua 0,001%;
- ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob sib kis uas nws ruaj khov ua rau cov kab mob (Mn, He, Ar, Hg, Tl, Bi, Al, Cr, Cd).
Kev siv cov kab mob rau tib neeg
Yuav luag tag nrho cov txheej txheem biochemical nyob ntawm seb qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab mob. Thiab txawm hais tias lawv cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm micrograms, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov as-ham no loj heev. Hauv particular, cov txheej txheem zoo ntawm cov metabolism, kev tsim cov enzymes, cov tshuaj hormones thiab cov vitamins hauv lub cev yog nyob ntawm microelements. Cov microsubstances no ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, txhawb hematopoiesis, tsim kom zoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha. Qhov sib npaug ntawm alkali thiab acids, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam nyob ntawm lawv. Nyob rau theem ntawm tes, lawv txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias; Hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, lawv pab txhawb kev sib pauv oxygen.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kua dej hauv cov hlwb ntawm tib neeg lub cev zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntawm cov dej hiav txwv hauv lub sijhawm prehistoric. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Thiab thaum lub cev tsis muaj ib yam khoom los yog lwm yam, nws pib "nqus" lawv tawm ntawm nws tus kheej (los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas cov as-ham tau sau).
Micronutrient deficiency thiab overdose
Txhua yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kab kawm yog yuav luag txhua qhov kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab kev hloov pauv pathological hauv lub cev.
Thiab raws li qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm microsubstances ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog kuaj pom hauv txhua tus neeg thib peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Ntawm cov laj thawj ua rau tsis txaus lossis ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, feem ntau yog:
- ecology phem;
- kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev ntxhov siab;
- zaub mov tsis zoo;
- kev siv cov tshuaj qee yam mus ntev.
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog cov kab mob dab tsi uas ploj lawm rau tus neeg, thiab tseem kom paub qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tsuas yog ua tau hauv chav kuaj los ntawm kev pub ntshav rau kev tshuaj ntsuam biochemical. Tab sis qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov as-ham kuj tuaj yeem raug txiav txim siab rau qee cov cim sab nraud.
Feem ntau, ib tug neeg muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm cov as-ham yog tias:
- feem ntau raug rau kab mob viral;
- pom tseeb cov cim ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog;
- deteriorated mob ntawm cov plaub hau, rau tes, tawv nqaij (pob txuv, pob txuv);
- ua chim siab, nquag mus rau kev nyuaj siab.
Micronutrient deficiency tej yam kev mob
Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev ua tib zoo txheeb xyuas lub xeev ntawm koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, txawm tias tsis muaj kev kuaj sim, qee zaum koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb micronutrient uas lub cev xav tau, uas nws tsis muaj rau lub sijhawm:
- Kev hnyav dhau - tsis muaj cov khoom xws li chromium, zinc, manganese.
- Cov teeb meem digestive - tsis muaj zinc, chromium.
- Dysbacteriosis - tsis txaus zinc.
- Khoom noj khoom haus tsis haum - Zinc deficiency.
- Prostate Dysfunction - Zinc Deficiency.
- Cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntxiv - tsis muaj magnesium, chromium, manganese, zinc.
- Cov ntsia hlau brittle - tsis txaus silicon thiab selenium.
- Kev loj hlob qeeb ntawm cov rau tes thiab cov plaub hau - txo qis ntawm selenium, zinc, magnesium, silicon.
- Cov plaub hau poob tawm - silicon, selenium, zinc tsis txaus.
- Cov xim av ntawm daim tawv nqaij - tsis muaj tooj liab, manganese, selenium.
- Kab mob thiab o ntawm daim tawv nqaij - lub teeb liab ntawm tsis muaj zinc, selenium, silicon.
- Pob txuv yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm chromium, selenium, zinc.
- Cov kab mob ua xua - tsis txaus selenium lossis zinc.
Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov tseeb nthuav txog cov plaub hau. Nws yog los ntawm lawv cov qauv uas nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los txiav txim siab qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov kab lus. Feem ntau, 20 mus rau 30 cov kab mob muaj nyob hauv cov plaub hau, thaum kuaj ntshav lossis zis yuav qhia qhov tsis muaj ntau tshaj 10 cov khoom noj hauv lub cev.
Yuav ua li cas kom sib npaug
Muaj ntau ntau txoj cai los kho qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab lus. Tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab lossis tshiab hauv lawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub no, peb qee zaum tsis nco qab txog cov kws kho mob cov lus qhia.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub paj hlwb, tsis tu ncua mus saib huab cua ntshiab thiab noj kom raug.
Tom qab tag nrho, qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw ntawm feem ntau cov kab lus yog cov khoom noj organic.
Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias peb tham txog cov khoom noj, feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj microscopic muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov cog. Tus thawj coj ntawm cov khoom tsiaj tuaj yeem hu ua mis nyuj, uas muaj 22 kab kawm. Lub caij no, cov concentration ntawm cov as-ham hauv nws yog tsawg heev uas nws tsis tsim nyog los tham txog cov mis nyuj raws li cov khoom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nutritionists hais rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab sib txawv.
Tab sis raws li biologists, nws yuav yog ib qho yuam kev los xav tias, piv txwv li, tag nrho cov txiv lws suav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj ib tug zoo tib yam txheej ntawm microelements. Thiab txawm hais tias cov khoom muaj tib cov as-ham, lawv cov nyiaj yuav txawv heev. Cov ntsuas no cuam tshuam los ntawm cov av zoo, cov nroj tsuag ntau yam thiab cov dej nag ntau zaus. Qee lub sij hawm txawm tias zaub ntawm tib ntau yam, sau los ntawm tib lub txaj, tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Ua rau ntawm micronutrient deficiency:
- tsis zoo ecology, uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntxhia-ntsev muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm dej;
- Kev kho cua sov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom (ua rau yuav luag 100-feem pua ntawm cov as-ham poob);
- kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov ( cuam tshuam nrog kev nqus zoo ntawm cov kab mob);
- zaub mov tsis zoo (mono-diets).
| Kev Sib Pauv Hluav Taws | Cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev | Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis txaus | Qhov chaw ntawm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kho vajtse | Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau cov ntshav ncig thiab tswj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub paj hlwb. | Mob Kev Plab. | Nqaij nyuj, daim siab, ntses roe, txiv apples, buckwheat, cereals, peaches, apricots, blueberries. |
| Tooj | Txhawb kev tsim cov ntshav liab hais, nqus hlau, tswj cov tawv nqaij elasticity. | Anemia, pigmentation ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev puas siab puas ntsws, pathological txo qis hauv lub cev kub. | Hiav txwv, txiv ntseej. |
| zinc | Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin, koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones, ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev. | Txo kev tiv thaiv, kev loj hlob ntawm kev nyuaj siab, plaub hau poob. | Buckwheat, txiv ntseej, cereals, noob (pumpkins), taum, bananas. |
| iodine | Txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thiab paj hlwb, ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob. | Goiter, ncua kev loj hlob (kev puas siab ntsws) hauv cov menyuam yaus. | Seaweed, walnuts. |
| manganese | Txhawb kev sib pauv ntawm fatty acids, tswj cov roj cholesterol. | Atherosclerosis, nce cov cholesterol. | Taum, taum, cereals. |
| cobalt | Nws txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin, txhawb kev tsim cov proteins. | Cov metabolism tsis raug. | Strawberries, qus strawberries, legumes, beets. |
| selenium | Antioxidant, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, ncua kev laus, ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev. | Ua tsis taus pa luv, arrhythmia, tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, nquag kis kab mob. | Cov nqaij nruab deg, nceb, txawv txiv hmab txiv ntoo. |
| Tshuaj fluorine | Txhim kho cov pob txha, cov hniav, txhawb kev noj qab haus huv enamel. | Fluorosis, kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav thiab cov hniav. | Tag nrho cov zaub mov, dej. |
| Chrome | Koom nrog hauv kev ua cov carbohydrates thiab tsim cov tshuaj insulin. | Cov ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv, txhim kho ntshav qab zib, kev nqus tsis zoo ntawm cov piam thaj. | Mushrooms, whole grains. |
| molybdenum | Nws activates cov metabolism, txhawb lipid tawg. | Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov metabolism, ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub plab zom mov. | Spinach, txawv ntau yam ntawm cabbage, blackcurrant, gooseberries. |
| Bromine | Nws muaj cov nyhuv sedative, ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev nrog cov hlab plawv, kab mob hauv plab, relieves cramps. | Kev loj hlob qeeb hauv cov menyuam yaus, qis hemoglobin, insomnia, nchuav menyuam ntawm ntau theem ntawm cev xeeb tub. | Txiv ntseej, legumes, cereals, seaweed, hiav txwv ntses. |
Cov ntsiab lus kab yog cov khoom noj tseem ceeb rau tib neeg. Cov txheej txheem metabolic, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam, kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub cev (xws li kev yug menyuam), kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob nyob ntawm lawv. Thiab txij li thaum lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov micronutrients ntawm nws tus kheej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab sib npaug txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxiv cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog txhua hnub.