Dab tsi yog prism: txhais, ntsiab, hom, seem xaiv

Hauv kev tshaj tawm no, peb yuav txiav txim siab txog cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, hom thiab cov kev xaiv ua tau rau ntu ntawm prism. Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm yog nrog rau cov duab kos duab kom pom kev zoo dua.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm prism

Prism yog ib daim duab geometric hauv qhov chaw; polyhedron nrog ob lub ntsej muag sib luag thiab sib npaug (polygons), thaum lwm lub ntsej muag yog parallelograms.

Daim duab hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias ib qho ntawm feem ntau hom prism - quadrangular kab (los yog parallelepiped). Lwm ntau yam ntawm daim duab tau tham hauv ntu kawg ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm no.

Prism ntsiab

Rau daim duab saum toj no:

• Thaj chaw yog sib npaug polygons. Cov no tuaj yeem yog daim duab peb sab, plaub-, tsib-, hexagons, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv peb rooj plaub, cov no yog parallelograms (los yog duab plaub) ABCD и A₁B₁C₁D₁.
• Sab ntsej muag yog parallelograms: AA₁B₁B, BB₁C₁C, CC₁D₁D и AA₁D₁D.
• Sab tav yog ib ntu txuas cov vertices ntawm ntau lub hauv paus sib txuas rau ib leeg (AA₁, BB₁, CC₁ и DD₁). Nws yog feem ntau ntawm ob sab ntsej muag.
• Qhov siab (h) - qhov no yog ib qho perpendicular kos los ntawm ib lub hauv paus mus rau lwm qhov, piv txwv li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv. Yog hais tias sab ntug yog nyob ntawm txoj cai kaum rau lub hauv paus ntawm daim duab, ces lawv kuj yog qhov siab ntawm lub prism.
• Base kab pheeb ces kaum - ib ntu uas txuas ob qhov sib txawv vertices ntawm tib lub hauv paus (AC, BD, A₁C₁ и B₁D₁). Ib daim duab peb sab prism tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus no.
• Sab Diagonal Ib txoj kab ntu uas txuas ob qhov rov qab vertices ntawm tib lub ntsej muag. Daim duab qhia cov kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm ib lub ntsej muag xwb. (CD ib₁ и C₁D)thiaj li tsis mus overload nws.
• Prism Diagonal - ib ntu txuas ob sab ntawm cov hauv paus sib txawv uas tsis koom nrog tib lub ntsej muag. Peb tau qhia tsuas yog ob ntawm plaub: AC₁ и B₁D.
• Prism nto yog tag nrho saum npoo ntawm nws ob lub hauv paus thiab sab ntsej muag. Cov qauv rau kev suav (rau daim duab raug) thiab prisms tau nthuav tawm hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm.

Prism swb - kev nthuav dav ntawm txhua lub ntsej muag ntawm daim duab hauv ib lub dav hlau (feem ntau, ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus). Piv txwv li, rau ib lub voj voog ncaj prism:

Nco ntsoov: prism zog tau nthuav tawm hauv .

Prism seem xaiv

1. Diagonal seem - lub dav hlau txiav hla los ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub prism thiab ob sab sib txuas.Nco ntsoov: Ib daim duab peb sab prism tsis muaj kab pheeb ces kaum, vim lub hauv paus ntawm daim duab yog daim duab peb sab uas tsis muaj kab pheeb ces kaum.
2. Ntu Perpendicular - lub dav hlau txiav hla txhua sab ntug ntawm lub kaum sab xis.

Nco ntsoov: Lwm cov kev xaiv rau ntu tsis yog ntau, yog li peb yuav tsis nyob ntawm lawv cais.

Prism hom

Xav txog ntau yam ntawm cov duab nrog lub hauv paus daim duab peb sab.

1. Ncaj prism - sab ntsej muag nyob ntawm txoj cai kaum rau hauv paus (piv txwv li perpendicular rau lawv). Qhov siab ntawm xws li daim duab yog sib npaug rau nws sab ntug.
2. Oblique prism - sab ntsej muag ntawm daim duab tsis yog perpendicular rau nws cov hauv paus.
3. Kho prism Cov hauv paus yog tsis tu ncua polygons. Tej zaum yuav ncaj los yog oblique.
4. prism txiav - ib feem ntawm daim duab seem tom qab hla nws los ntawm lub dav hlau uas tsis sib npaug rau cov hauv paus. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si ncaj thiab inclined.