Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim los kho. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev saib xyuas yogtxo qhov tshwm sim ADHD hauv cov menyuam yaus lossis cov neeg laus, uas yog hais txog lawv txoj kev kawm lossis kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, lawv cov kev txom nyem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis lees paub uas lawv feem ntau raug kev txom nyem, lawv tus kheej tsis tshua muaj siab, thiab lwm yam.

Tsim ib lub ntsiab lus uas yuav tso cai rau tus neeg nrog ADHD kom ua neej nyob tau zoo yog li ntawd ib feem ntawm txoj kev pom zoo los ntawm cov kws kho mob, psychoeducators thiab cov kws kho mob. Cov niam txiv kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tseeb tiag, txawm hais tias ntau tus kws tshaj lij nrog tus menyuam thiab tsev neeg, "niam txiv tseem yog tus kws kho mob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam no," hais tias Dr.^r François Raymond, kws kho menyuam yaus⁷.

Tshuaj

Nov yog hom ntawm pharmaceuticals siv. Lawv tsis tas yuav tsim nyog thiab lawv yuav tsum tau koom nrog ib lossis ntau dua psychosocial txoj kev (saib ntxiv). Tsuas yog ib qho xwb kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas Kev ntsuam xyuas tiav yuav txiav txim siab seb puas yuav tsum tau kho tshuaj.

Le methylphenidate (Ritalin®, Rilatine®, Biphentin®, Concerta®, PMS-Methylphenidate®) yog nyob deb ntawm cov tshuaj siv dav hauv ADHD. Nws tsis kho tus kab mob los yog tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mus ntxiv mus rau cov neeg laus, tab sis nws txo cov tsos mob ntev npaum li tus neeg tau kho.

Qhov no yog ib hom uas nce cov kev ua ntawm dopamine hauv hlwb. Paradoxically, qhov no calms tus neeg, txhim kho lawv cov concentration thiab tso cai rau lawv kom muaj kev paub zoo dua. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, peb feem ntau pom kev txhim kho hauv kev kawm. Kev sib raug zoo kuj muaj kev sib haum xeeb nrog cov txheeb ze thiab phooj ywg. Cov teebmeem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Nrog qee qhov kev zam, methylphenidate tsis raug sau ua ntej hnub nyoog kawm ntawv.

Qhov koob tshuaj no txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus. Tus kws kho mob kho nws raws li qhov kev txhim kho tau pom thiab cov teebmeem tsis zoo (pw tsaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov, mob plab lossis mob taub hau, tics, thiab lwm yam). Cov phiv zoo li yuav qis dua lub sijhawm. Yog tias koob tshuaj ntau dhau lawm, tus neeg yuav ua siab ntev los yog qeeb qeeb. Tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau hloov cov koob tshuaj.

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tau noj 2 lossis 3 zaug hauv ib hnub: ib koob thaum sawv ntxov, lwm qhov thaum tav su, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, ib zaug thaum tav su. Methylphenidate kuj muaj raws li cov ntsiav tshuaj ua haujlwm ntev, noj ib hnub ib zaug thaum sawv ntxov. Koj yuav tsum paub tias methylphenidate tsis tsim muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj lossis kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Lwm yam tshuaj siv tau raws li qhov xav tau, xws liamphetamine (Adderall®, Dexedrine®). Lawv cov teebmeem (ob leeg muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis xav tau) zoo ib yam li cov methylphenidate. Qee tus neeg teb zoo dua rau ib chav kawm tshuaj dua li lwm tus.

Cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-stimulant,tshuaj atomoxetine (Stratera®), kuj tseem yuav txo tau cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua siab ntev thiab kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm ADHD. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev txaus siab yog tias nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm kev pw tsaug zog. Nws yuav tso cai rau cov menyuam yaus tsaug zog sai dua thiab tsis khaus, piv rau cov menyuam yaus uas noj methylphenidate. Nws kuj tseem yuav txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nws. Thaum kawg, atomoxetine tuaj yeem yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov tshuaj methyphenidate ua tics.

Tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau pom 2 mus rau 4 lub lis piam tom qab pib kho, tom qab ntawd nyob rau ib ntus ntawm ob peb lub hlis.

Psychosocial mus kom ze

Muaj ntau yam kev cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem pab cov menyuam yaus, cov hluas lossis cov laus tswj lawv cov tsos mob. Muaj ntau hom kev txhawb nqa uas pab, piv txwv li, txhim kho kev mloog thiab txo kev ntxhov siab txog ADHD.

Cov kev cuam tshuam no suav nrog:

• kev sab laj nrog tus kws qhia txog kev puas siab puas ntsws, tus kws qhia kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob hlwb;
• kev kho tsev neeg;
• pab pawg txhawb nqa;
• kev cob qhia los pab cov niam txiv saib xyuas lawv tus menyuam hyperactive.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tau txais thaum cov niam txiv, kws qhia ntawv, kws kho mob thiab kws kho mob hlwb ua haujlwm ua ke.

Ua neej nyob zoo dua nrog tus me nyuam tsis muaj zog

Txij li thaum tus me nyuam hyperactive muaj teeb meem mloog, nws xav tau meej cov qauv txhawb kev kawm. Piv txwv li, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab nws tsuas yog ib txoj haujlwm ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Yog tias txoj haujlwm - lossis qhov kev ua si - yog qhov nyuaj, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los rhuav tshem nws mus rau hauv cov kauj ruam uas yooj yim to taub thiab ua.

Tus me nyuam hyperactive yog tshwj xeeb yog rhiab rau sab nraud stimuli. Nyob hauv ib pab pawg lossis hauv ib puag ncig cuam tshuam (TV, xov tooj cua, kev ntxhov siab sab nraud, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Rau kev ua ntawm tsev kawm ntawv ua hauj lwm los yog lwm yam dej num uas yuav tsum tau concentration, nws yog li pom zoo kom nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob ntsiag to qhov chaw uas yuav tsis muaj stimuli uas yuav cuam tshuam koj mloog.

Rau cov me nyuam uas muaj nyuaj pw tsaug zog, qee cov lus qhia tuaj yeem pab tau. Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem raug txhawb kom tawm dag zog thaum nruab hnub, tab sis ua rau kev ua kom zoo, xws li nyeem ntawv, ua ntej pw. Koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw so (subdued light, soft music, tseem ceeb roj nrog soothing zog, thiab lwm yam). Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob saib TV thiab video games hauv ib teev lossis ob zaug ntawm kev pw tsaug zog. Nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog los txais yuav txoj kev pw tsaug zog uas zoo ib yam li qhov ua tau.

Noj Ritalin® feem ntau hloov koj noj haus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam. Feem ntau, qhov no tsis qab los noj mov thaum nruab nrab noj mov thiab ntau dua thaum noj hmo. Yog tias muaj, muab cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau tus menyuam thaum tus menyuam tshaib plab. Rau ib nrab hnub noj su, tsom mus rau qhov me me ntawm ntau yam khoom noj. Yog tias xav tau, cov khoom noj txom ncauj tuaj yeem muab. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam noj cov tshuaj ntev ntev (ib koob tshuaj thaum sawv ntxov), kev tshaib kev nqhis yuav tsis tshwm sim txog thaum yav tsaus ntuj.

Kev ua neej nyob nrog tus menyuam muaj kev ntxhov siab yuav siv ntau lub zog thiab ua siab ntev los ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv. Yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv paub txog lawv cov kev txwv thiab lawv thov kev pab yog tias tsim nyog. Tshwj xeeb, nws raug nquahu kom teem sijhawm rau "kev so", suav nrog rau cov kwv tij thiab cov muam.

Tus me nyuam hyperactive tsis muaj tswvyim ntawm kev txaus ntshai. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws feem ntau xav tau kev saib xyuas ntau dua li tus menyuam ib txwm muaj. Thaum saib xyuas tus me nyuam zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv ib tus neeg ntseeg siab thiab paub txog kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej.

Kev quab yuam, qw thiab kev rau txim rau lub cev feem ntau tsis muaj kev pab. Thaum tus me nyuam "mus dhau qhov kev txwv" lossis teeb meem kev coj cwj pwm nce, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom nws cais nws tus kheej li ob peb feeb (hauv nws chav, piv txwv). Qhov kev daws teeb meem no tso cai rau txhua tus kom rov tau txais kev thaj yeeb me ntsis thiab rov qab tswj tau.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm raug cem rau lawv cov teeb meem kev coj cwj pwm thiab kev ua yuam kev, cov menyuam yaus muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis ntseeg tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los qhia txog lawv txoj kev vam meej es tsis yog lawv qhov yuam kev thiab ua kom muaj nuj nqis rau lawv. Cov txug thiab kev txhawb siab muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua li kev rau txim.

Thaum kawg, peb feem ntau tham txog "kev tswj tsis tau" sab ntawm cov menyuam yaus nrog ADHD, tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab qhia lawv qhov zoo. Lawv feem ntau yog cov menyuam yaus nyiam, muaj tswv yim thiab kis las. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov me nyuam no xav tau kev hlub los ntawm tsev neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov cim ntawm kev hlub.

Yog xav paub ntxiv thiab cov peev txheej, mus saib ntawm Douglas Mental Health University lub koom haum lub vev xaib (saib Cov Chaw nyiam).