Nrog rau lub caij ntuj sov, muaj ntau lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm kab: raws li cov kiv cua ntawm "nceb mus yos hav zoov", cov nceb no muaj ntau dua saj. Ntxiv mus, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg koj tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog ob hom kab inedible, thiab cov nceb no yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom noj los ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv tsis kaj siab. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qeb 4th, nceb pickers sau lawv txaus siab.
Cuaj hlis kab feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv sib xyaw forests nrog ib tug predominance ntawm spruce. Outwardly, lawv txaus siab rau lub qhov muag, ntom ntom, zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj. Muaj ntau tus nyiam ntawm cov nceb ntsim no nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb aroma.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli, cov kab tsis hnov tsw feem ntau pom. Lawv loj hlob heev nyob ze ntawm txoj kev thiab hauv hav zoov clearings. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli, koj yuav tsum tau hnov txog tag nrho cov nceb. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav pom sai sai no cov tshuaj tsw qab nceb uas txaus ntshai rau noj. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm cov kab zoo sib xws uas tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov kab liab-daj zoo nkauj. Yog hais tias frosts tsis dhau, ces lawv yog kaj thiab txaus nyiam. Tom qab Frost, xim ntawm lub kaus mom ploj mus.
Ua ntej mus rau hauv hav zoov, nrhiav seb kab nceb zoo li cas thiab qhov twg lawv loj hlob.
Noj ntau yam kab
Kab grey (Tricholoma portentosum).
Habitats ntawm no ntau yam ntawm Autumn nceb: sib xyaw thiab coniferous hav zoov, loj hlob hauv pab pawg.
Lub caij: Lub Cuaj Hli - Kaum Ib Hlis.
Lub kaus mom 5-12 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, qee zaum mus txog 16 cm, thaum xub thawj convex-bell-shaped, tom qab convex prostrate. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj yog lub teeb grey lossis lub teeb ci ntsa iab nrog qhov chaw tsaus greyish-xim av, qee zaum nrog violet lossis txiv ntseej tint; qhov saum npoo yog radially fibrous nrog tsaus radial fibers nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hau ntawm nceb, kab grey feem ntau muaj ib tug ca tubercle. Hauv cov qauv me me, qhov saum npoo yog du thiab nplaum.
ceg 5-12 cm siab, 1-2,5 cm tuab, greyish-daj, npog nrog hmoov txheej nyob rau hauv sab sauv. Lub qia yog luv, thickened ntawm lub hauv paus.
Cov nqaij yog dawb thiab ntom nrog ib tug powdery saj thiab tsw, thaum xub thawj siab, tom qab grooved. Hauv qab daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub kaus mom, cov nqaij yog grey. Hauv cov nceb laus, cov ntxhiab tsw tuaj yeem ua rau pungent.
Cov daim hlau yog dawb, cream los yog greyish-daj, ncaj thiab txuas nrog tus hniav mus rau qia los yog dawb. Ntug ntawm lub hau thiab phaj, raws li lawv muaj hnub nyoog, yuav dhau los ua yellowish me ntsis.
Variability: cov fungus yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob, lub sij hawm thiab av noo ntawm lub caij.
Hom zoo sib xws: Raws li cov lus piav qhia, grey kab nceb tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog cov xab npum kab (Tricholoma saponaceum), uas zoo ib yam li cov duab thiab xim thaum muaj hnub nyoog, tab sis txawv ntawm qhov muaj cov ntxhiab tsw tsw ntxhiab tsw hauv cov tawv nqaij.
Habitats: sib xyaw thiab coniferous hav zoov, loj hlob hauv pab pawg.
Edible, 4th qeb.
Txoj kev ua noj: boiling, boiling, salting. Muab cov ntxhiab tsw tsw, nws tsis pom zoo kom xaiv cov nceb loj tshaj plaws, ntxiv rau kom txo cov ntxhiab tsw, nws raug nquahu kom boil hauv 2 dej.
Cov duab no qhia meej meej piav qhia ntawm kab grey:
Cov kab neeg coob coob (Lyophyllum decastes).
Habitats: hav zoov, chaw ua si thiab vaj, nyom, ze stumps thiab ntawm humus-nplua nuj av, loj hlob nyob rau hauv loj pawg.
Noj nceb picking caij twisted kab: Lub Xya Hli - Kaum Hli.
Lub kaus mom 4-10 cm inch, qee zaum mus txog 14 cm, thaum xub thawj hemispherical, tom qab convex. Thawj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj yog qhov tseeb tias cov nceb loj hlob hauv ib pawg tuab nrog cov hauv paus fused hauv txoj kev uas nws nyuaj rau cais lawv. Qhov tshwj xeeb thib ob ntawm cov tsiaj yog lub pob zeb, tsis sib xws ntawm lub hau ntawm cov xim brownish lossis grey-xim av nrog cov npoo qis.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, hauv kab no hauv nruab nrab, cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom yog ntau saturated lossis tsaus dua ntawm qhov chaw:
Feem ntau muaj me me, dav tubercle nyob hauv nruab nrab.
ceg 4-10 cm siab, 6-20 mm tuab, ntom, dawb kiag li saum toj no, grey-dawb los yog greyish-xim av hauv qab, qee zaum flattened thiab nkhaus.
Lub pulp yog dawb, thickened nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hau, saj thiab tsw yog qab ntxiag.
Cov phaj yog adherent, nquag, dawb los yog tawm-dawb, nqaim.
Variability: cov fungus yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob, lub sij hawm thiab av noo ntawm lub caij.
Poisonous zoo sib xws. Cov neeg coob coob zoo li yuav luag zoo li lom daj-greyentoloma (Entoloma lividum), uas kuj muaj wavy npoo thiab zoo ib yam li grey-xim av cap xim. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm hmoov nplej nyob rau hauv lub pulp ntawm entoloma thiab ib qho kev sib cais, es tsis muaj neeg coob coob.
Edible, 4th qeb.
Txoj kev ua noj: salting, kib thiab marinating.
Saib cov duab uas qhia txog cov lus piav qhia ntawm edible kab:
Pigeon kab (Tricholoma columbetta).
Habitats: deciduous thiab sib xyaw hav zoov, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam humid, loj hlob nyob rau hauv pawg los yog singly.
Lub caij: Lub Xya Hli - Kaum Hli.
Cap 3-10 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, qee zaum mus txog 15 cm, qhuav, du, thaum xub thawj hemispherical, tom qab convex-prostrate. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj yog lub pob zeb thiab muaj zog wavy nto ntawm lub kaus mom, kaus ntxhw los yog dawb-cream. Muaj cov daj daj ntawm qhov nruab nrab.
Saib ntawm daim duab - nyob rau hauv lub nceb rowing, nto ntawm tus nquab cap yog radially fibrous:
ceg 5-12 cm siab, 8-25 mm tuab, cylindrical, ntom, elastic, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus muaj ib tug me ntsis nqaim. Lub pulp yog dawb, ntom, fleshy, tom qab pinkish nrog ib tug noj qab haus huv tsw thiab ib tug qab ntxiag nceb saj, tig liab qab thaum so.
Cov phaj yog nquag, thawj zaug txuas rau qia, tom qab dawb.
zoo sib xws rau lwm hom. Raws li cov lus piav qhia, cov kab nquab noj tau nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob zoo ib yam li kab grey (Tricholoma portentosum), uas yog noj tau thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw txawv. Raws li lawv loj hlob, qhov sib txawv nce vim qhov greyish xim ntawm lub kaus mom ntawm kab grey.
Noj tau, qeb 4, lawv tuaj yeem kib thiab boiled.
Yellow-liab rowing (Tricholomopsis rutilans).
Habitats: sib xyaw thiab coniferous hav zoov, feem ntau ntawm cov ntoo thuv thiab rotten spruce stumps los yog cov ntoo poob, feem ntau loj hlob hauv pawg loj.
Lub caij: Lub Xya Hli - Cuaj Hli.
Lub hau muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5 mus rau 12 cm, qee zaum mus txog 15 cm, nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam cov qauv nws zoo li ib tug ntse hau, muaj ib tug tswb-puab zoo li, ces nws yuav convex nrog ntug khoov thiab ib tug me me blunt tubercle nyob rau hauv lub center, thiab nyob rau hauv mature specimens nws yog prostrate, nrog ib tug me ntsis kev nyuaj siab nruab nrab. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj yog cov xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv xim ntawm lub kaus mom hauv cov qauv me me, tom qab ntawd nws dhau los ua daj-liab nrog ib qho tsaus ntxoov ntxoo ntawm blunt tubercle, thiab hauv kev loj hlob nrog me ntsis kev nyuaj siab nruab nrab.
Saib ntawm daim duab - kab noj tau haus no muaj cov tawv nqaij qhuav, daj-txiv kab ntxwv nrog me me fibrous reddish nplai:
ceg 4-10 cm siab thiab 0,7-2 cm tuab, cylindrical, tej zaum yuav thickened me ntsis ntawm lub hauv paus, yellowish, nrog reddish flaky teev, feem ntau hollow. Cov xim yog tib xim nrog lub hau los yog sib zog me ntsis, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov qia cov xim yog khaus ntau dua.
Lub pulp yog daj, tuab, fibrous, ntom nrog ib tug sweetish saj thiab qaub tsw. Spores yog lub teeb cream.
Cov phaj yog golden daj, qe daj, sinuous, adherent, nyias.
zoo sib xws rau lwm hom. Cov kab daj-liab tau yooj yim lees paub vim nws cov xim zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj tsos. Cov hom tsis tshua muaj thiab hauv qee thaj chaw tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, qhov xwm txheej yog 3R.
Txoj kev ua noj: ntsev, marinating.
Edible, 4th qeb.
Cov duab no qhia txog rowing nceb, uas tau piav qhia saum toj no:
Cov hauv qab no yog cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm inedible ntau yam ntawm kab.
Inedible ntau yam ntawm kab
Pseudo-dawb rowing (Tricholoma pseudoalbum)
Habitats: deciduous thiab mixed forests, pom nyob rau hauv me me pab pawg neeg thiab singly.
Lub caij: Lub yim hli ntuj – Lub kaum hli ntuj.
Lub hau muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 mus rau 8 cm, thaum xub thawj hemispherical, tom qab convex. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hom yog lub kaus mom dawb, dawb-cream, lub kaus mom dawb-liab.
Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab, kab inedible kab no muaj qia 3-9 cm siab, 7-15 mm tuab, thawj dawb, tom qab dawb-cream los yog dawb-liab:
Cov nqaij yog dawb, tom qab me ntsis yellowish nrog ib tug powdery tsw.
Cov phaj yog thawj adherent, tom qab yuav luag dawb, cream-xim.
Variability: xim ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm dawb mus rau dawb-cream, dawb-liab thiab kaus ntxhw.
zoo sib xws rau lwm hom. Lub pseudo-dawb rowing zoo ib yam li cov duab thiab loj rau May kab (Tricholoma gambosa), uas yog txawv los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ilv pinkish thiab greenish aav ntawm lub kaus mom.
Inedible vim unpleasant saj.
Stinky rowweed (Tricholoma inamoenum).
Qhov twg kab tsis hnov tsw hlob tuaj: deciduous thiab sib xyaw hav zoov, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam humid, loj hlob nyob rau hauv pawg los yog singly.
Lub caij: Lub Rau Hli - Lub Kaum Hli.
Lub hau yog 3-8 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, qee zaum mus txog 15 cm, qhuav, du, thaum xub thawj hemispherical, tom qab convex prostrate. Ntug ua me ntsis wavy nrog hnub nyoog. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom yog dawb los yog kaus ntxhw thaum xub thawj, thiab nrog lub hnub nyoog nrog xim av lossis daj me ntsis. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hau yog feem ntau ua pob. Ntug ntawm lub hau yog khoov.
Cov ceg ntev, 5-15 cm siab, 8-20 mm tuab, cylindrical, ntom, elastic, muaj xim tib yam li lub kaus mom.
Lub pulp yog dawb, ntom, fleshy. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm hom yog cov ntxhiab tsw, muaj zog tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov nceb hluas thiab cov laus. Cov ntxhiab tsw no zoo ib yam li DDT lossis cov roj teeb pom kev zoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab zaus, adherent, dawb los yog cream xim.
zoo sib xws rau lwm hom. Cov kab tsis hnov tsw thaum ntxov ntawm kev loj hlob zoo ib yam li grey kab (Tricholoma portentosum), uas yog edible thiab muaj ib tug txawv tsw, tsis caustic, tab sis qab ntxiag. Raws li lawv loj hlob, qhov sib txawv nce vim qhov greyish xim ntawm lub kaus mom ntawm kab grey.
Lawv yog inedible vim muaj zog tsis hnov tsw, uas yog tsis tshem tawm txawm nrog ib tug ntev boil.
Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab ntawm cov kab edible thiab inedible:
