txheem
Glutamic acid yog ib qho ntawm nees nkaum amino acids tseem ceeb rau lub cev. Koom nrog hauv nitrogen metabolism, khi ammonia thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom rau lub cev. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus, nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws analogue, ua los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, muaj nyob rau hauv qee cov khoom tiav raws li flavoring additives thiab spices.
Thaum nws los txog rau glutamic acid thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm nws: monosodium glutamate, potassium, calcium, ammonium thiab magnesium glutamate, ntau tus neeg tsis meej pem. Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, glutamate tsis muaj kev phom sij. Lwm tus muab nws cais ua cov khoom uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau peb lub cev thiab ua rau peb tsis nyiam peb lub ntuj nyiam. Qhov khoom no yog dab tsi, qhov tseeb? Cia peb xam nws tawm.
Glutamic acid zaub mov nplua nuj:
Cov yam ntxwv dav ntawm glutamic acid
Glutamic acid tau pom nyob rau hauv Nyij Pooj xyoo 1908 los ntawm Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda. Nws pom cov tshuaj uas dhau los ua qhov thib tsib hauv kab tom qab gustatory tom qab iab thiab qab zib, qaub thiab qab ntsev. Glutamic acid muaj qhov tshwj xeeb saj, uas nws tau lub npe "umami", uas yog, "qab ntxiag rau saj."
Qhov chaw ntawm umami yog kombu seaweed (ib hom kelp).
Tus qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj no yog C5H9TSIS TXHOB4… Nws muaj lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los txhim kho lossis ua raws li qhov saj ntawm cov zaub mov muaj protein. Qhov no ua tiav ua tsaug rau L-glutamate receptors nyob ntawm tus nplaig.
Ib xyoos tom qab nws nrhiav tau, Ikeda pib lag luam acid ntau lawm. Thaum xub thawj, "umami" kis mus rau Nyiv, Tuam Tshoj thiab lwm lub teb chaws ntawm cov tebchaws Esxias Qab Teb.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob, cov khoom qab zib no tau ntxiv cov khoom noj ua noj ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog. Ua tsaug rau nws, cov tub rog kev faib tau ua ntau dua kev noj qab haus huv thiab khoom noj khoom haus, zoo dua muab lub cev nrog cov tshuaj tsim nyog.
Kev yuav tsum tau ua txhua hnub rau glutamic acid
Tus nqi ntawm kev tso cai siv glutamic acid nyob tsis ntau rau ntawm tus neeg nws tus kheej ib yam li thaj av ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob. Piv txwv li, hauv Taiwan, txoj cai siv los ntawm "umami" yog 3 grams tauj ib hnub. Hauv Kauslim Teb - 2,3 g., Nyiv - 2,6 g., Ltalis - 0,4 g., Tebchaws Asmeskas - 0,35 g.
Hauv peb lub tebchaws, raws li cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm pawg neeg toxicological ntawm FAO / WHO cov kws tshaj lij - "kev tso cai niaj hnub ntawm ajinomoto (lwm tsim los ntawm umami) tsis tau tsim."
Qhov xav tau ntawm glutamic acid nce:
- nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov plaub hau grey thaum ntxov (txog li 30 xyoo);
- nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab;
- nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm pathologies ntawm lub paj hlwb;
- nrog qee tus kabmob txiv neej;
- nrog qaug dab peg.
Qhov xav tau ntawm glutamic acid txo:
- lub sijhawm pub niam mis;
- nrog kev zam ntau dhau;
- tsam tus intolerance mus rau glutamic acid los ntawm lub cev.
Kev zom ntawm glutamic acid
Acid yog lub zog ua kom lub cev zoo rau lub cev uas nqus tau los ntawm peb lub cev yam tsis muaj kab. Tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau ntawm nws mus txhawm rau kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub paj hlwb (tshwj xeeb, lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum). Ib qho ntxiv, kev nqus tau cov kua qaub tau zoo yog cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj nyob hauv lub cev ntawm qhov txaus ntawm hydrochloric acid, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov kua hauv plab.
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm glutamic acid thiab nws cov nyhuv ntawm lub cev
Glutamic acid muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog tswj cov kev ua kom lub siab ntawm peb lub cev ntau dua, tab sis nws kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm kev rov ua lub cev tsis zoo hauv lub cev.
Ib qho ntxiv, vim nws cov yam ntxwv noj haus, nws muaj peev xwm qhib kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov zom zaub mov, suav nrog daim siab, plab, txiav, nrog rau cov hnyuv me thiab loj.
Sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov ntsiab:
Glutamic acid yog soluble heev hauv dej, nquag nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov rog thiab lawv derivatives. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cuam tshuam zoo nrog cov protein uas tau lawv cov tsw tseeb thiab kev nplua nuj.
Cov cim ntawm kev tsis muaj cov kua qaub hauv lub cev
- ua txhaum ntawm lub plab zom mov;
- cov plaub hau txho (txog 30 xyoo);
- teeb meem nrog lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb;
- teeb meem nrog autonomic lub paj hlwb;
- nco tsis taus;
- kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog;
- nyuaj siab maum.
Cov cim ntawm tshaj glutamic acid
- ua kom tuab ntawm cov ntshav;
- mob taub hau;
- siab ntsws;
- xeev siab;
- daim siab ua haujlwm siab;
- Alzheimer tus kab mob.
Glutamic acid: siv ntxiv
Glutamic acid tuaj yeem pom tsis tau tsuas yog hauv txhua yam zaub mov, nws muaj nyob hauv txhua hom tshuaj pleev ib ce: tshuaj zawv plaub hau, tshuaj pleev, muab tshuaj pleev, kua kom txias, thiab xau. Hauv cov tshuaj, glutamic acid muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kab mob ciaj sia, nrog rau qee yam tshuaj.
Nws ntseeg tau tias kev tsis zoo xyuas txog kev nkag tau glutamic acid tshwm sim hauv peb lub teb chaws vim kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Cov amino acid no tau ntxiv rau cov zaub mov ntawm cov nas kuaj hauv cov nyiaj 20% ntawm qhov kev suav txhua hnub. Thiab qhov no, koj pom, yog tus nqi ntau ntawm cov kua qaub, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj tsis tsuas yog nrog txoj hnyuv plab, tab sis nrog rau tag nrho lub cev!
Glutamic acid rau kev zoo nkauj thiab kev noj qab haus huv
Lub peev xwm los tswj koj cov plaub hau xim ntev ntev yog qhov laj thawj uas ua rau muaj kev nyiam ntau ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntxiv rau kev siv ntxiv ntawm cov amino acids rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv, nrog rau kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, glutamic acid txhim kho cov zaub mov tawv nqaij, ua rau nws noj qab nyob zoo thiab khov kho. Nws muaj peev xwm los txhawb kev ntshav microcirculation, uas tau pom rov qab rau 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Nws yog tom qab ntawd cov kua qaub no tau xub ntxiv rau cov tshuaj pleev kom zoo nkauj uas tau lees tias daim tawv elastic thiab noj qab haus huv.