txheem
Cov nceb caij ntuj no yog ib qho ntawm cov nceb uas tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv tsev thiab hauv thaj chaw qhib. Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb nyob hauv kev tsim tawm ntawm mycelium, tab sis yog tias koj paub cov cuab yeej no, tom qab ntawd ntxiv kev cog qoob loo ntawm mycelium yuav tsis nyuaj. Nco ntsoov tias rau kev yug me nyuam lub caij ntuj no nceb nyob rau hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau muab lawv ib lub qhov rais sill nyob rau sab qaum teb, vim cov nceb no tsis nyiam ib tug nplua nuj ntawm tshav ntuj.
Lub caij ntuj no zib mu agaric yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus agaric nceb ntawm kab tsev neeg los ntawm genus Flammulin. Feem ntau nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm willows, aspens thiab poplars, ntawm ntug hav zoov, raws ntug dej, hauv vaj thiab chaw ua si.
Cov fungus yog dav nyob rau sab qaum teb temperate cheeb tsam. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Western thiab Eastern Europe, Peb Lub Tebchaws, Nyiv. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub Cuaj Hli - Kaum Ib Hlis. Hauv cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb, nws kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis. Qee lub sij hawm nws tseem pom tom qab daus poob, uas nws tau txais nws lub npe.
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv lub caij ntuj no nceb los ntawm lwm yam nceb
Cov nceb no yog ib qho saprotroph, nws loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo puas thiab tsis muaj zog deciduous los yog ntawm stumps thiab trunks tuag, thiab muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Muaj ntau cov cim qhia txog kev paub qhov txawv ntawm lub caij ntuj no nceb los ntawm lwm cov nceb. Lub cap ntawm hom no loj hlob mus txog 2-5 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, tsis tshua muaj heev - mus txog 10 cm. Nws yog du thiab ntom, cream los yog yellowish xim, nplaum, mucous. Qhov chaw yog tsaus dua li cov npoo. Qee lub sij hawm nws ua brownish nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Cov phaj yog daj-xim av los yog dawb, cov hmoov spores yog dawb. Cov ceg yog ntom, elastic, 5-8 cm siab, 0,5-0,8 cm tuab. Nyob rau sab sauv nws yog lub teeb thiab yellowish, thiab hauv qab nws yog xim av los yog dub-xim av. Cov nceb no txawv ntawm lwm hom nceb. Lub hauv paus ntawm qia yog plaub hau-velvety. Cov saj yog me me, tsw yog qaug zog.
Tsuas yog cov kaus mom siv rau zaub mov. Stews thiab kua zaub yog npaj los ntawm lub caij ntuj no nceb.
Cov duab no qhia meej meej piav qhia txog cov nceb caij ntuj no:
Kev tsim kho kom zoo ntawm mycelium ntawm cov nceb caij ntuj no
Txij li thaum lub caij ntuj no zib mu agaric tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntoo nyob, nws tsuas yog loj hlob hauv tsev. Muaj ob txoj kev: nws kim heev thiab intensive. Hauv thawj txoj kev, nceb yog cog rau ntawm ntoo. Nrog rau txoj kev siv zog, nceb tau loj hlob ntawm lub substrate uas muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv thiab muab tso rau ntawm windowsill.
Raws li lub substrate, sunflower husks, ncuav mog qab zib, buckwheat husks, bran, siv nplej, av pob kws cobs yog siv.
Rau qhov tseeb kev yug me nyuam ntawm mycelium ntawm lub caij ntuj no nceb, qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau npaj nyob rau hauv sib txawv proportions raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov fillers. Yog hais tias lub substrate yuav muaj sawdust nrog bran, ces lawv yuav tsum tau tov nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 3: 1. Sawdust nrog brewer lub nplej yog tov nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 5: 1. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, koj yuav tsum sib tov sunflower husks thiab buckwheat husks nrog nplej. Straw, sunflower husks, av cobs, buckwheat husks yuav muab ntxiv rau sawdust raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub substrate nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 1. Nyob rau tag nrho cov mixs, siab yields yog tau. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ntawm qee cov sawdust, mycelium hlob qeeb heev, thiab cov qoob loo qis dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, straw, av pob kws kernels, sunflower husks yuav siv tau raws li lub ntsiab substrate yam tsis muaj ntxiv ntawm sawdust. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau muab 1% gypsum thiab 1% superphosphate. Cov av noo ntawm qhov sib tov yog 60-70%. Tag nrho cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum tsis muaj pwm thiab rot.
Hauv kev xaiv cov thawv, kev kho cua sov ntawm lub substrate, muaj ntau txoj kev sib txawv. Txhua tus nceb picker xaiv nws tus kheej, zoo rau nws rooj plaub.
Txhua qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau wetted thiab sab laug rau 12-24 teev. Tom qab ntawd lub substrate yog sterilized. Vim li cas thiaj raug kev kho cua sov? Lub substrate ntub yog nruj nreem ntim rau hauv jars los yog hnab thiab muab tso rau hauv dej. Nqa mus rau ib lub boil thiab boil rau 2 teev. Nyob rau hauv industrial cultivation ntawm fungus, lub substrate yog kiag li sterilized nyob rau hauv siab autoclaves. Hauv tsev, qhov txheej txheem no zoo ib yam li lub tsev canning zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Sterilization yuav tsum rov ua dua rau hnub tom qab.
Koj tuaj yeem muab cov substrate tso rau hauv cov thawv me me. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ua ntej ntim rau hauv lub thawv. Lub substrate yuav tsum tau zoo compacted thaum muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv
Sowing mycelium ntawm lub caij ntuj no nceb
Ua ntej yuav loj hlob lub caij ntuj no nceb siv txoj kev hnyav, lub substrate rau sowing tom qab kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau txias mus rau 24-25 ° C. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum coj nyob rau hauv lub grain mycelium, uas yog ib tug hlau los yog ntoo stick nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hub los yog lub hnab ua ib lub qhov rau tag nrho qhov tob ntawm lub substrate. Tom qab ntawd, mycelium loj hlob sai dua thiab siv cov substrate thoob plaws nws cov tuab. Mycelium yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 5-7% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm substrate. Tom qab ntawd muab cov jars tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau mycelium yog 24-25 ° C. Cov nceb picker hlob nyob rau hauv 15-20 hnub. Nws nyob ntawm substrate, muaj peev xwm thiab ntau yam ntawm nceb. Lub sijhawm no, jars nrog substrate tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv qhov chaw sov thiab tsaus, lawv tsis xav tau lub teeb. Tab sis lub substrate yuav tsum tsis txhob qhuav tawm. Rau lub hom phiaj no, nws yog them nrog ib tug dej-retaining thiab breathable khoom - burlap los yog tuab ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho cov substrate yog overgrown nrog mycelium, lub hub nrog nws yog pauv mus rau lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug txias qhov chaw nrog ib tug kub ntawm 10-15 ° C. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov rais sill nyob rau sab qaum teb yog dab tsi. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lub hnub ci ncaj qha yuav tsum tsis txhob poob rau lawv. Tshem daim ntawv los yog burlap. Lub caj dab ntawm cov kaus poom yog qhwv nrog cov duab los qhia, thiab qee zaus lawv tau moistened nrog dej los tiv thaiv lub substrate los ntawm ziab tawm.
Lub rudiments ntawm fruiting lub cev tshwm 10-15 hnub tom qab lub thawv raug rau lub teeb thiab 25-35 hnub tom qab sowing lub mycelium. Lawv zoo li cov ceg nyias nyias nrog lub kaus mom me me. Cov qoob loo tuaj yeem sau tau 10 hnub tom qab ntawd. Bunches ntawm nceb raug txiav tawm, thiab lawv cov seem yog ua tib zoo tshem tawm ntawm mycelium. Tom qab ntawd lub substrate yog moistened los ntawm sprinkled nrog dej. Tom qab 2 lub lis piam, koj tuaj yeem sau cov qoob loo tom ntej. Rau tag nrho lub sijhawm loj hlob, mus txog 1,5 kg ntawm nceb tuaj yeem tau los ntawm ib lub thawv peb-liter.