Melanoleuca verrucipes (Melanoleuca verrucipes) yees duab thiab piav qhia

Melanoleuca warty-legged (Melanoleuca verrucipes)

• Masstoleucomyces verrucipes (Fr.) Kuntze
• Melanoleuca verrucipes f. pom zoo (P. Karst.) Fontenla & Para
• Melanoleuca verrucipes var. subvert Raithelh.
• Melanoleuca verrucipes var. koj yuav tau txais goosebumps
• Tricholoma verrucipes (Fr.) Bres.

Lub npe tam sim no: Melanoleuca verrucipes (Fr.) Singer

taxonomic keeb kwm

Qhov no "Warty Cavalier" tau piav nyob rau hauv 1874 los ntawm Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries, uas muab nws lub npe Agaricus verrucipes. Nws tam sim no lees paub lub npe, Melanoleuca verrucipes, hnub rov qab mus rau ib qho kev tshaj tawm los ntawm Rolf Singer xyoo 1939.

etymology

Lub genus lub npe Melanoleuca los ntawm cov lus qub melas lub ntsiab lus dub thiab leucos lub ntsiab lus dawb. Tsis muaj Warty Cavalier yog xim dub thiab dawb tiag tiag, tab sis muaj ntau lub kaus mom uas muaj ntau qhov ntxoov xim av rau saum thiab dawb daim hlau hauv qab.

Qhov tshwj xeeb epithet verrucipes txhais tau tias "nrog warty ko taw" - "nrog ko taw warty, ko taw", thiab lo lus "ko taw", tau kawg, txhais tau tias " ceg", thaum nws los txog rau cov kab mob.

Feem ntau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm Melanoleuca rau hom yog npau suav phem. Melanoleuca verrucipes yog qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj, ib qho ntawm ob peb hom melaneuca uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm macro yam tsis muaj delving rau hauv cov tsiaj qus ntawm microscopy.

Lub melanoleuca verrucous peduncle txawv ntawm nws cov counterparts los ntawm ib lub teeb, yuav luag dawb stalk them nrog me me, tab sis kuj pom tau hais tias tsaus xim av los yog txawm dub nplai, zoo ib yam li cov pob khaus los yog warts.

Taub hau: 3-7 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla (qee zaum mus txog 10 cm), los ntawm dawb mus rau cream nrog ib tug daj ntseg xim, lub hau yog thawj convex thiab ces flattens, yuav luag ib txwm nrog ib tug me me tubercle, nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus nceb dav convex los yog yuav luag tiaj tus. , qhuav, tawv, du, qee zaum finely scaly. Cov xim yog xim dawb, dawb, feem ntau nrog ib qho tsaus nti hauv qhov chaw. Cov nqaij ntawm lub hau yog nyias, dawb mus rau daj ntseg cream.

daim hlau: dav adherent, nquag, nrog ntau daim hlau. Cov xim ntawm daim hlau yog dawb, daj ntseg creamy, ua brownish nrog hnub nyoog.

ceg: ntev 4-5 cm thiab tuab 0,5-1 cm (muaj cov qauv nrog lub qia txog li 6 cm ntev thiab mus txog 2 cm tuab). Pav ca nrog me ntsis o puag. Qhuav, dawb nyob rau hauv tsaus xim av mus rau yuav luag dub scabs. Tsis muaj lub nplhaib lossis lub voj voos. Cov nqaij hauv ceg yog tawv, fibrous.

Pulp: dawb, dawb, creamy nyob rau hauv overgrown specimens, tsis hloov xim thaum puas.

tsis hnov ​​tsw: me ntsis nceb, me ntsis anise los yog almond tsw tau. Lawv sau txog qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw, raws li ntau qhov chaw: iab almonds, cheese crust, zoo li floury, fruity. Los yog: qaub, aniseed, tej zaum peary, tej zaum yuav tsis kaj siab nyob rau hauv mature specimens.

saj: mos, tsis muaj nta.

spore hmoov: dawb rau daj ntseg cream.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm microscopic:

Spores 7-10 x 3-4,5 µm ntev ellipsoid, nrog amyloid warts tsawg dua 0,5 µm siab.

Basidia 4-spores.

Cheilocystidia tsis pom.

Pleurocystidia 50–65 x 5–7,5 µm, fusiform nrog ib tug nqaim ntse apex thiab ib lub septum, nyias-walled, hyaline nyob rau hauv KOH, apex tej zaum encrusted nrog crystals.

Lub phaj tram yog subparallel.

Pileipellis yog ib qho cutis ntawm cov ntsiab lus 2,5-7,5 µm dav, septate, hyaline hauv KOH, du; Cov kab mob hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg feem ntau yog erect, cylindrical, nrog puag ncig apices.

Clamp kev twb kev txuas tsis pom.

Saprophyte, loj hlob ib leeg lossis hauv pawg me hauv av lossis ntoo chips, hauv cov av nplua nuj humus thiab meadows nplua nuj nyob rau hauv nplooj thiab nyom litter, ntoo chips los yog vaj compost heaps.

Melanoleuca verruciforma tshwm sim los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, fruiting peaks nyob rau hauv lig caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Pom nyob txhua qhov chaw, tsis tshua muaj.

Nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab roob teb chaws Europe, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw nyom, tab sis nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov teb chaws Europe nws yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv toj roob hauv pes thaj chaw - chaw ua si, nyom, squares. Hauv North America, nws tshwm sim hauv Pacific Northwest thiab Northeastern thiab Mid-Atlantic xeev, ntawm woodchip thiab lwm thaj chaw toj roob hauv pes, lossis hauv cov nyom nyom thiab raws txoj kev.

Nws yog qhov muaj feem ntau tias kev faib thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tsiaj no tau nthuav dav hauv xyoo tas los no vim nws hloov mus rau cov nroj tsuag xa tawm, potting compost, thiab woodchip vaj mulch.

Ntau cov nceb los ntawm genus Melanoleuca yog suav tias yog noj tau, tab sis lawv saj, frankly, yog li ntawd. Tej zaum yog vim li cas ntau tus neeg European qhia lawv li "Inedible", nrog cov ntawv sau hauv cov style ntawm "vim cov hom nceb no tsis yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas, peb xav kom lawv suav tias yog txhua yam tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab tsis sau rau zaub mov."

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm toxicity ntawm Melanoleuca warty-legged. Peb yuav muab cov tsiaj no tso rau hauv "Inedible", thiab tsis yog vim muaj kev pov hwm rov qab, tab sis vim qhov tsis tshua muaj ntawm Melanoleuca verrucipes nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm yav dhau los USSR. Tsis txhob noj nws, zoo dua muab cov duab zoo ntau li ntau tau.

Melanoleuca dub thiab dawb (Melanoleuca melaleuca)

Macroscopically nws tuaj yeem zoo sib xws, tab sis nws tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv tsaus xim av nplai ntawm qia.

• Agaricus pom zoo P. Karst.
• Agaricus nplooj (Fr.) Fr.
• Armillaria verrucipes Fr.
• Kuv pom zoo nrog Clitocybes P. Karst.
• Clitocybe swarms P. Karst.
• Clitocybe verrucipes (Fr.) Maire
• Gyrophila verrucipes muaj ntau ntau yam (Eng.) Koj.

Yees duab: Vyacheslav.