Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cevNtawm cov fungi ntawm ib tug txawv txawv zoo li yuav ntaus nqi fruiting lub cev uas zoo li qe. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si edible thiab lom. Qe-zoo li nceb muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam hav zoov, tab sis feem ntau lawv nyiam xoob av, feem ntau tsim mycorrhiza nrog coniferous thiab deciduous ntoo ntawm ntau hom. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qe-zoo li nceb feem ntau yog nthuav tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv no.

Dung beetle nceb nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub qe

Grey dung beetle (Coprinus atramentarius).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Dung beetles (Coprinaceae).

Lub caij: kawg ntawm lub rau hli ntuj – kawg ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj.

Kev Loj Hlob: pawg loj.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub kaus mom ntawm ib tug hluas nceb yog ovoid, ces broadly tswb-puab.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov nqaij yog lub teeb, sai darkening, sweetish nyob rau hauv saj. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hau yog grey lossis greyish-xim av, tsaus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nrog me me, tsaus nti. Lub nplhaib yog dawb, sai sai ploj. Ntug ntawm lub hau yog tawg.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub stalk yog dawb, me ntsis brownish ntawm lub hauv paus, du, hollow, feem ntau muaj zog nkhaus. Cov phiaj yog dawb, dav, nquag; cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb yog dawb, tig dub thaum laus, ces autolyse (blur rau hauv cov kua dub) nrog rau lub hau.

Conditionally edible nceb. Noj tau tsuas yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog me ntsis tom qab ua ntej boiling. Kev haus dej haus cawv ua rau muaj kev phom sij.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov av nplua nuj humus, nyob rau hauv teb, lub vaj, landfills, ze ntawm manure thiab compost heaps, nyob rau hauv hav zoov clearings, nyob ze trunks thiab stumps ntawm hardwoods.

Dawb dung beetle (Coprinus comatus).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Dung beetles (Coprinaceae).

Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Yim Hli - nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli.

Kev Loj Hlob: pawg loj.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub pulp yog dawb, mos. Muaj ib tug xim av tubercle nyob rau saum lub hau.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov ceg yog dawb, nrog ib tug silky sheen, hollow. Hauv cov nceb qub, daim hlau thiab lub hau yog autolyzed.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub hau ntawm ib tug hluas fungus yog elongated ovoid, ces nqaim tswb-puab, dawb los yog brownish, them nrog fibrous nplai. Nrog rau hnub nyoog, daim hlau pib tig liab los ntawm hauv qab. Cov phiaj yog dawb, dav, nquag, dawb.

Cov nceb noj tau tsuas yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog hluas (ua ntej daim hlau tsaus). Yuav tsum tau ua tiav rau hnub ntawm kev sau; nws yog pom zoo kom pre-boil. Yuav tsum tsis txhob tov nrog lwm cov nceb.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Nws hlob nyob rau hauv xoob av nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov organic chiv, nyob rau hauv pastures, zaub vaj, vaj thiab chaw ua si.

Flickering dung beetle (Coprinus micaceus).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Dung beetles (Coprinaceae).

Lub caij: kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis - kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Hli.

Kev Loj Hlob: pab pawg lossis pawg.

hauj lwm:

Cov tawv nqaij yog daj-xim av, nyob rau hauv cov hluas nceb nws yog them nrog me me granular nplai tsim los ntawm ib tug nyias nyias phaj. Cov phaj yog nyias, nquag, dav, adherent; xim yog dawb thaum xub thawj, ces lawv tig dub thiab plooj.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub pulp ntawm ib tug hluas yog dawb, qaub saj.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Leg dawb, hollow, tsis yooj yim; nws nto yog du los yog me ntsis silky. ntug ntawm lub hau yog qee zaum torn.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub kaus mom yog tswb-puab los yog ovoid nrog ib tug furrowed nto.

Conditionally edible nceb. Feem ntau tsis sau vim me me thiab ceev autolysis ntawm lub kaus mom. Siv tshiab.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Nws loj hlob ob qho tib si hauv hav zoov, ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo deciduous, thiab hauv cov chaw ua si hauv nroog, thaj chaw, ntawm cov stumps lossis ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov ntoo qub thiab puas.

Qe zoo li dung nceb tau pom hauv cov duab no:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Veselka nceb los yog dab ntxwg nyoog lub qe

Veselka zoo tib yam (Phallus impudicus) los yog dab ntxwg nyoog lub qe.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Veselkovye (Phallaceae).

Lub caij: May – Kaum Hli.

Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg

Kev piav qhia ntawm fungus Veselka (dab ntxwg nyoog lub qe):

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tseem tshuav ntawm lub qe plhaub. Lub kaus mom paub tab yog tswb-puab, nrog lub qhov nyob rau saum toj, npog nrog cov txiv ntseej tsaus nti nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm carrion. Kev loj hlob tus nqi tom qab maturation ntawm lub qe nce mus txog 5 mm ib feeb. Thaum cov kab mob spores raug noj los ntawm kab, lub hau ua paj rwb nrog cov hlwb pom meej.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov ceg yog spongy, hollow, nrog nyias phab ntsa.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov tub ntxhais hluas txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog semi-hauv av, oval-spherical los yog ovoid, 3-5 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, tawm-dawb.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev, tev tawm ntawm lub qe plhaub thiab kib, yog siv rau zaub mov.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm ntawm fungus Veselka (witch's qe):

Nws loj hlob feem ntau hauv hav zoov deciduous, nyiam cov av nplua nuj nyob hauv humus. Cov spores yog kis los ntawm kab uas nyiam los ntawm qhov tsw ntawm fungus.

Lwm cov qe zoo li nceb

Mutinus canine (Mutinus caninus).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Veselkovye (Phallaceae).

Lub caij: kawg ntawm lub rau hli ntuj - Cuaj hlis.

Kev Loj Hlob: nyob ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub pulp yog ntxeem tau, sib tw heev. Thaum siav, me me tuberculate taub ntawm "ceg" yog them nrog xim av-olive spore-cov kabmob mucus nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm carrion. Thaum cov kab gnaw ntawm cov hnoos qeev, sab saum toj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev hloov txiv kab ntxwv thiab ces tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev pib decompose sai heev.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub "ceg" yog hollow, spongy, yellowish. Cov tub ntxhais hluas fruiting lub cev yog ovoid, 2-3 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, lub teeb, nrog ib tug txheej txheem hauv paus.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub qe tseem nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub "ceg".

Qhov no qe-zoo li nceb yog suav tias yog inedible. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, cov tub ntxhais hluas txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev nyob rau hauv lub qe plhaub yuav noj tau.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Loj hlob nyob rau hauv coniferous hav zoov, feem ntau nyob ze ntawm rotten deadwood thiab stumps, qee zaum ntawm sawdust thiab rotting ntoo.

Cystoderma scaly (Cystoderma carcharias).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Champignons (Agaricaceae).

Lub caij: nruab nrab Lub Yim Hli - Kaum Ib Hlis.

Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub hau ntawm cov nceb hluas yog conical los yog ovoid. Lub hau ntawm cov nceb paub tab yog tiaj-convex lossis prostrate. Cov phaj yog nquag, nyias, adherent, nrog nruab nrab daim hlau, dawb.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov ceg yog me ntsis thickened ntawm lub hauv paus, granular-scaly, ntawm tib xim raws li lub kaus mom.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov nqaij yog nkig, daj ntseg liab los yog dawb, nrog ib tug ntoo los yog earthy tsw.

Cov nceb yog suav hais tias yog conditionally edible, tab sis nws saj yog tsawg. Yuav luag tsis tau noj.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Nws loj hlob hauv coniferous thiab sib xyaw (nrog ntoo thuv) hav zoov, ntawm cov av chalky, hauv moss, ntawm khib nyiab. Tsawg heev nyob rau hauv deciduous hav zoov.

Caesar nceb (Amanita caesarea).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae).

Lub caij: Lub Rau Hli - Lub Kaum Hli.

Kev Loj Hlob: nyob ib leeg.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub hau ntawm cov nceb hluas yog ovoid los yog hemispherical. Lub hau ntawm cov nceb paub tab yog convex los yog tiaj tus, nrog ib tug ntug furrowed. Nyob rau hauv lub "qe" theem, Caesar nceb tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog ib tug daj ntseg toadstool, los ntawm qhov nws txawv nyob rau hauv kev txiav: daj hau daim tawv nqaij thiab ib tug tuab heev daim ntaub thaiv npog.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov tawv nqaij yog golden-txiv kab ntxwv los yog ci liab, qhuav, feem ntau tsis muaj qhov seem ntawm coverlet. Sab nraud yog dawb, sab hauv tej zaum yuav daj. Volvo yog dawb, lub hnab zoo li tus, txog li 6 cm dav, txog li 4-5 mm tuab.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov nqaij ntawm lub hau yog fleshy, lub teeb daj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij. Cov phaj yog golden daj, dawb, nquag, dav hauv nruab nrab, cov npoo yog me ntsis fringed. Cov nqaij ntawm ceg yog dawb, tsis muaj tus yam ntxwv tsw thiab saj.

Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, nws tau raug suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws delicacies. Cov nceb loj tuaj yeem ua rau boil, grilled lossis kib, nceb kuj tsim nyog rau ziab thiab pickling. Cov nceb hluas uas tsis muaj volva yog siv raw hauv cov zaub xam lav.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog beech, ntoo qhib, txiv ntseej thiab lwm yam ntoo tawv. Nws loj hlob ntawm cov av hauv deciduous, qee zaus hauv hav zoov coniferous, nyiam cov av xuab zeb, qhov chaw sov thiab qhuav. Dav dav hauv Mediterranean subtropics. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub USSR, nws yog pom nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob cheeb tsam ntawm Georgia, nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan, nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus, nyob rau hauv lub Crimea thiab Transcarpathia. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum muaj huab cua sov ruaj khov (tsis qis dua 20 ° C) rau 15-20 hnub.

Hom zoo sib xws.

Los ntawm cov yoov liab agaric (cov seem ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm lub kaus mom uas qee zaum ntxuav tawm), Caesar nceb txawv ntawm cov xim daj ntawm lub nplhaib thiab daim hlau (lawv yog dawb hauv cov yoov agaric).

Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae).

Lub caij: pib lub Yim Hli - nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli.

Kev Loj Hlob: nyob ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub kaus mom yog txiv ntseej, ntsuab los yog greyish, los ntawm hemispherical mus rau tiaj tus, nrog ib tug du ntug thiab ib tug fibrous nto. Cov phaj yog dawb, mos, dawb.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub qia yog xim ntawm lub kaus mom lossis xim dawb, feem ntau npog nrog cov qauv moire. Lub volva yog zoo-txhais, dawb, lobed, dawb, 3-5 cm dav, feem ntau ib nrab-immersed nyob rau hauv cov av. Lub nplhaib yog dav thaum xub thawj, fringed, striped sab nraud, feem ntau ploj nrog hnub nyoog. Nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub kaus mom remnants ntawm daim ntaub thaiv yog feem ntau tsis tuaj. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev thaum muaj hnub nyoog yog ovoid, tag nrho npog nrog ib zaj duab xis.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov nqaij yog dawb, fleshy, tsis hloov xim thaum puas, nrog ib tug me ntsis saj thiab tsw. Thickening ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ceg.

Ib qho kev phom sij tshaj plaws ntawm cov nceb. Muaj bicyclic toxic polypeptides uas tsis raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev kho cua sov thiab ua rau cov rog degeneration thiab daim siab necrosis. Qhov koob tshuaj tuag rau tus neeg laus yog 30 g ntawm nceb (ib lub kaus mom); rau ib tug me nyuam - ib quarter ntawm lub kaus mom. Cov tshuaj lom tsis yog tsuas yog fruiting lub cev, tab sis kuj spores, yog li lwm yam nceb thiab berries yuav tsum tsis txhob muab khaws cia nyob ze ntawm lub daj ntseg grebe. Ib qho kev phom sij tshwj xeeb ntawm cov fungus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias cov cim ntawm kev lom tsis tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 6 mus rau 48 teev tom qab noj, indomitable ntuav, plab hnyuv colic, mob nqaij, nqhis dej unquenchable, raws plab raws li tus kab mob cholera (feem ntau nrog ntshav). Tej zaum yuav muaj jaundice thiab lub siab loj. Cov mem tes tsis muaj zog, ntshav siab qis, tsis nco qab yog pom. Tsis muaj kev kho mob zoo tom qab pib cov tsos mob. Hnub thib peb, "lub sijhawm ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tsis raug" pib, uas feem ntau kav li ob mus rau plaub hnub. Qhov tseeb, kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim siab thiab lub raum tseem nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Kev tuag feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 10 hnub ntawm kev lom.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Cov ntaub ntawv mycorrhiza nrog ntau hom deciduous (oak, beech, hazel), nyiam cov av fertile, lub teeb deciduous thiab hav zoov sib xyaw.

Hav zoov nceb (Agaricus silvaticus).

Tsev Neeg: Champignons (Agaricaceae).

Lub caij: kawg ntawm lub Rau Hli - nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli.

Kev Loj Hlob: hauv pab pawg.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov phaj yog dawb thaum xub thawj, ces tsaus xim av, nqaim ntawm qhov kawg. Cov nqaij yog dawb, reddening thaum tawg.

Lub kaus mom yog ovate-bell-puab, tiaj tus procumbent thaum ripe, xim av-xim av, nrog tsaus nti.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Lub qia yog cylindrical, feem ntau me ntsis o ntawm lub hauv paus. Lub nplhaib dawb membranous ntawm lub qe zoo li fungus feem ntau ploj mus thaum loj hlob.

Delicious edible nceb. Siv tshiab thiab pickled.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Nws loj hlob hauv coniferous (spruce) thiab sib xyaw (nrog spruce) hav zoov, feem ntau nyob ze lossis ntawm cov ntsaum heaps. Pom ntau tom qab los nag.

Cinnabar Liab Cinnabar (Calostoma cinnabarina).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: False raindrops (Sclerodermataceae).

Lub caij: kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov - Autumn.

Kev Loj Hlob: nyob ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov ceg tsis tseeb yog ntxeem tau, surrounded los ntawm gelatinous membrane.

Lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev tawg thiab tev tawm. Thaum nws loj tuaj, qia lengthens, raising cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo saum lub substrate.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog puag ncig, ovoid los yog tuberous, nyob rau hauv cov hluas nceb los ntawm liab mus rau liab-txiv kab ntxwv, nyob rau hauv ib tug peb-txheej plhaub.

Inedible.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Nws hlob nyob rau hauv cov av, nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab sib tov forests, ntawm ntug, raws txoj kev thiab txoj kev. Nyiam cov av xuab zeb thiab av nplaum. Feem ntau hauv North America; Hauv Peb Lub Tebchaws qee zaus pom nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Primorsky Krai.

Warty puffball (Scleroderma verrucosum).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: False raindrops (Sclerodermataceae).

Lub caij: Lub yim hli ntuj – Lub kaum hli ntuj.

Kev Loj Hlob: nyob ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog tuberous los yog lub raum-puab, feem ntau flattened los ntawm saum toj no. Cov tawv nqaij yog nyias, cork-skinned, tawm-dawb, ces ocher-daj nrog brownish scale los yog warts.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Thaum ripe, lub pulp yuav flabby, greyish-dub, tau ib tug powdery qauv. Hauv paus zoo li kev loj hlob los ntawm dav ca mycelial strands.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov pedicle cuav yog feem ntau elongated.

Me ntsis lom nceb. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau, nws ua rau lom, nrog rau kiv taub hau, mob plab, thiab ntuav.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm: Loj hlob ntawm cov av xuab zeb qhuav hauv hav zoov, lub vaj thiab cov chaw ua si, nyob rau hauv clearings, feem ntau ntawm txoj kev, ntug ntawm ditches, raws txoj kev.

Sack-shaped golovach (Calvatia utriformis).

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Tsev Neeg: Champignons (Agaricaceae).

Lub caij: kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis - nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli.

Kev Loj Hlob: ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg me.

hauj lwm:

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog dav ovate, saccular, flattened los ntawm saum toj no, nrog ib tug puag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug cuav ceg. Lub plhaub sab nraud yog tuab, woolly, thaum xub thawj dawb, tom qab ntawd tig daj thiab tig xim av.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov nqaij yog dawb thaum xub thawj, ces hloov ntsuab thiab tsaus xim av.

Mushrooms nrog ib tug ovoid fruiting lub cev

Cov nceb nceb tawg, tawg rau saum thiab tawg.

Cov nceb hluas nrog nqaij dawb yog noj tau. Siv boiled thiab qhuav. Nws muaj cov nyhuv hemostatic.

Ecology thiab kev faib tawm:

Nws hlob nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab sib xyaw forests, ntawm ntug thiab clearings, nyob rau hauv meadows, pastures, pastures, nyob rau hauv arable av.

Sau ntawv cia Ncua