txheem
Feem ntau hom oyster nceb yog zoo tib yam, elm, npog, ntsws thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, yog li lawv tau siv dav hauv kev ua noj thiab kev lag luam tshuaj. Muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm oyster nceb, lawv nquag siv los npaj ntau yam tais diav, lawv tau siv los npaj cov kev kho mob raws li cov tshuaj noj zaub mov rau kev kho qhov txhab thiab tshem tawm cov co toxins.
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, cov nceb no zoo li khov thiab ua nyuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv yooj yim los tuav nrog ib tus pas. Qhov zoo ntawm lub caij ntuj no oyster nceb nyob ntawm theem uas cov nceb tau nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Yog hais tias frosts thaum ntxov, ces lawv muaj peev xwm khov nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ob peb lub caij ntuj no taws, cov nceb no yuav ploj mus. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau khaws cia rau lub caij ntuj no.
Koj yuav kawm txog dab tsi oyster nceb zoo li thiab yam khoom uas lawv muaj nyob rau nplooj ntawv no.
Description of oyster nceb
Lub hau ntawm cov nceb nceb (Pleurotus ostreatus) muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4-12 cm. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj yog oyster, oval lossis puag ncig ntawm lub kaus mom, grey-xim av, creamy-xim av hauv cov xim nrog ib qho tsaus nti hauv nruab nrab. Lub hauv paus ntawm fruiting lub cev yog fused.
Nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm oyster nceb, qia yog luv, asymmetrically nyob, feem ntau nyob rau sab ntawm lub hau, nws muaj ib tug siab ntawm 2-7 cm thiab ib tug tuab ntawm 10-25 hli. Lub qia muaj xim tib yam li lub kaus mom thiab nyob rau sab ntawm lub kaus mom.
Pulp: nyias, ntom, dawb, nrog ib tug qab ntxiag saj thiab tsw.
Cov phaj yog adherent, nqis los ntawm qia, nquag, cream los yog lub teeb daj hauv xim.
Kev hloov pauv. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm xim av mus rau brownish-grey.
Hom zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv tsos, hom oyster nceb zoo ib yam li lub ntsws oyster nceb (Pleurotus pulmonarius), uas yog qhov txawv ntawm nws cov xim qab zib thiab pob ntseg zoo li lub hau.
Cov khoom sib txuam ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo: hom no muaj cov cuab yeej zoo ntawm cov khoom qis ntawm cov hlau hnyav.
Edibility: Cov nceb oyster zoo tib yam muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tuaj yeem boiled thiab kib, kaus poom.
Noj tau, 2nd thiab 3rd pawg - nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab 3rd thiab 4th qeb - nyob rau lub caij ntuj no.
Oyster nceb nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis thiab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj thaum ntxov tseem muaj qhov zoo li qub. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lawv hloov, tau ib tug daj-xim av xim.
Habitats: deciduous thiab mixed forests, ntawm decaying hardwood, loj hlob nyob rau hauv tiers thiab pawg.
Lub caij: Kev loj hlob hnyav - txij lub Tsib Hlis mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli, thiab pib txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis thiab lub caij ntuj no, kev loj hlob nres. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, lub xeev ntawm oyster nceb ntawm cov ntoo nyob ntawm theem uas Frost ntes lawv thiab qhov kev nyab xeeb ua ntej qhov pib ntawm qhov tsis zoo. Yog hais tias, los ntawm qhov pib ntawm Frost, cov ncej tau mus txog lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws kev loj hlob thiab qhuav me ntsis, ces nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no lawv qhuav tawm me ntsis ntxiv thiab dai rau cov ntoo nyob rau hauv frosts nyob rau hauv ib tug semi-kheej lub xeev, thaum lawv muaj peev xwm txiav.
Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm pib ntawm Frost muaj huab cua ntub, ces cov nceb khov thiab ua nyuaj, "glassy". Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, lawv tsis tuaj yeem raug txiav tawm ntawm lub cev, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem raug ntaus tawm nrog ib tus pas lossis plucked nrog rab riam. Txwv tsis pub siv rab hneev kom tsis txhob ua rau cov ntoo.
Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab ntawm oyster nceb ntawm ib hom zoo tib yam, cov lus piav qhia uas tau muab rau saum toj no:
Yuav ua li cas elm oyster nceb zoo li (nrog duab)
Elm lyophyllum, lossis elm oyster nceb (Lyophyllum ulmarium) yog qhov tsis tshua muaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Qhov tseeb, lawv noj tau zoo ib yam li cov nceb oyster zoo tib yam, tab sis nyuaj rau kev nkag tau vim lawv qhov chaw siab ntawm cov ntoo trunks.
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, lawv feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov khoov ntawm oaks, feem ntau ntawm qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj ib thiab ib nrab meters. Lawv qhov xwm txheej sab nraud nyob ntawm lub sijhawm thaum lub caij ntuj sov ntes lawv. Yog hais tias huab cua tsis ntub los ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov kub tsis zoo, thiab cov nceb nceb mus txog lawv qhov kev loj hlob siab tshaj plaws, ces lawv yuav nyob twj ywm li ntawd thoob plaws lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau hauv lub thaw, lawv tuaj yeem ploj mus, lawv cov npoo tuaj yeem dhau los ua ntau dua, thiab cov nceb ib leeg tig los ntawm lub teeb xim av mus rau xim av-dub thiab ploj tag.
Cov nceb no yuav tsum tau sau thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no lossis ua ntej lub caij ntuj no kawg, tab sis tsis tso cai rau thaw, thaum lawv tuaj yeem wilt, poob zoo li cov nplooj qub.
Cov nceb no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov nceb lub caij ntuj no, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub hau ntawm 10-20 cm.
Habitats: deciduous hav zoov, chaw ua si, ntawm stumps thiab trunks ntawm Oak, elm, elm thiab lwm yam ntoo deciduous, singly los yog nyob rau hauv me me pab pawg neeg.
Lub hau muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5-15 cm, qee zaum mus txog 20 cm, thaum xub thawj convex, tom qab prostrate.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm hom oyster nceb yog cov xim zoo nkauj txawv ntawm lub kaus mom, zoo li cov paj noob hlis - hnub ci, daj-xim av, lub hau ntawm lub hau yog tawv, finely ntxhib nrog dej. chaw:
Thaum lub caij ntuj no, qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hau ua straw-daj thiab cov pob tsis pom lawm. Thaum cov nceb loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, tsis tshua muaj nyob rau ntawm stump, nws yuav muaj ib qho asymmetric ntawm ob txhais ceg. Cov npoo ntawm lub hau yog khoov, lawv yog wavy. Cov xim ntawm cov npoo yog me ntsis sib dua li ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hau. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, cov xim hloov mus rau straw daj. Cov qauv qub darken, ua dub-xim av los yog xim av-xim av.
Leg 4-10 cm ntev, 7-15 mm tuab, dawb-cream thaum xub thawj, tom qab yellowish thiab lub teeb xim av. Lub hauv paus ntawm ob txhais ceg yog feem ntau fused.
Lub pulp yog mos, grey-ntsuab, nrog ib tug me ntsis saj, yuav luag odorless.
Cov phaj yog dav, adherent, thaum xub thawj dawb, tom qab buffy thiab lub teeb xim av.
Variability: xim ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm daj-golden mus rau tsaus xim av.
Hom zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, vim nws loj loj thiab tshav ntuj xim thiab watery me ntsis, elm lyophyllum yog ib qho nyuaj rau confuse nrog lwm hom. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov nceb no tuaj yeem tsis meej pem hauv qhov tsos nrog cov neeg coob coob, uas txawv ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob - hauv av, tab sis tsis nyob ntawm ntoo. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, nws tsis muaj hom zoo sib xws.
Txoj kev ua noj: boiled, kib, salted tom qab ua ntej boiling rau 15-20 feeb.
Edible, 4th qeb.
Saib dab tsi oyster nceb zoo li hauv cov duab no:
Autumn oyster nceb: yees duab thiab piav qhia
Qhov chaw ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg oyster nceb (Pleurotus salignus): poplars, lindens; loj hlob hauv pab pawg.
Lub caij: Autumn oyster nceb loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj - Kaum ib hlis mus txog rau thaum thawj snows, thiab ces lawv khov mus txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj thaws nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lawv yog zoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Lub kaus mom ntawm no ntau yam ntawm oyster nceb muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4-8 cm, qee zaum mus txog 12 cm. Tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev loj hlob los ntawm tib lub hauv paus.
Lub stalk yog luv, asymmetrically nyob, feem ntau nyob rau sab ntawm lub hau, nws yog 2-5 cm siab thiab 10-40 mm tuab, pubescent. Cov xim ntawm ob txhais ceg yog cream los yog dawb-daj.
Pulp: nyias, ntom, dawb, nrog ib tug qab ntxiag saj thiab tsw.
Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab, daim hlau ntawm no ntau yam ntawm oyster nceb yog adherent, nqis los ntawm qia, nquag, cream los yog lub teeb daj xim:
Kev hloov pauv. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm grey-xim av mus rau tsaus xim av.
Hom zoo sib xws. Autumn oyster nceb zoo ib yam li oyster oyster nceb (Pleurotus ostreatus), tab sis muaj xim ntau dua nrog cov xim tsaus xim av.
Txoj kev ua noj: nceb tuaj yeem boiled thiab kib, kaus poom.
Edible, 4th qeb.
Tom ntej no, koj yuav pom dab tsi lwm yam ntawm oyster nceb yog dab tsi.
Yuav ua li cas oyster nceb zoo li
Oyster nceb thaj chaw (Pleurotus calyptratus): rotting hardwood - birch, aspen, Oak, tsawg zaus - ntawm stumps thiab tuag ntoo coniferous - spruce thiab fir, loj hlob nyob rau hauv pawg.
Lub caij: Plaub Hlis - Cuaj Hli.
Lub kaus mom ntawm no ntau yam ntawm oyster nceb muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4-10 cm, qee zaum mus txog 12 cm. nrog radial fibers.
Ua tib zoo saib rau daim duab - ceg ntawm ntau hom oyster nceb yog luv heev, asymmetrically nyob, lossis nws tsis yog txhua yam:
Pulp: nyias, ntom, dawb, nrog ib tug qab ntxiag saj thiab tsw.
Cov phaj yog nquag, thaum xub thawj dawb, nquag, tom qab qab zib los yog lub teeb daj.
Kev hloov pauv. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm cream mus rau lub teeb xim av thiab grey.
Hom zoo sib xws. Qhov npog oyster nceb zoo ib yam li cov nceb oyster (Pleurotus pulmonarius), uas yog qhov txawv ntawm nws lub kaus mom xim av thiab muaj cov qia.
Txoj kev ua noj: nceb tuaj yeem boiled, kib, kaus poom.
Description of oyster nceb
Qhov chaw ntawm oyster nceb (Pleurotus pulmonarius): rotting hardwood - birch, aspen, oak, tsawg zaus - ntawm stumps thiab tuag ntoo coniferous - spruce thiab fir, loj hlob nyob rau hauv pawg.
Lub caij: Plaub Hlis - Cuaj Hli
Lub kaus mom muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4-10 cm, qee zaum mus txog 16 cm. Cov npoo ntawm lub hau yog nyias, feem ntau tawg. Cov xim ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub kaus mom feem ntau muaj xim av tint, thaum cov npoo, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog sib dua, yellowish.
Raws li tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, cov npoo ntawm lub hau ntawm cov nceb oyster ntawm hom no yog fibrous thiab muaj cov qauv radial:
Lub qia yog luv, asymmetrically nyob, feem ntau nyob rau sab ntawm lub hau, nws yog 1-3 cm siab thiab 6-15 mm tuab. Cov ceg muaj lub cev cylindrical, dawb, tawv, pubescent.
Pulp: nyias, ntom, dawb, nrog ib tug qab ntxiag saj thiab tsw.
Cov daim hlau yog adherent, nqis los ntawm qia, thaum xub thawj dawb, nquag, tom qab cream los yog lub teeb daj.
Kev hloov pauv. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm dawb thiab daj dawb mus rau cream thiab yellowish xim av.
Hom zoo sib xws. Pulmonary oyster nceb zoo ib yam li cov nceb oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus), uas yog qhov txawv ntawm lub kaus mom xiav-grey hauv cov qauv hluas thiab lub kaus mom grey-xiav hauv cov nceb loj.
Cov khoom sib txuam ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo: hom no muaj cov cuab yeej zoo ntawm cov khoom qis ntawm cov hlau hnyav.
Txoj kev ua noj: cov kaus poom.
Txoj kev ua noj: boil thiab kib, khaws cia.
Edible, qeb 3rd
Cov duab no qhia oyster nceb ntawm ntau hom, cov lus piav qhia uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv no:
Dab tsi yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm oyster nceb
Oyster nceb muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb - lub pantry tshwj xeeb nrog cov ntsev ntxhia thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb uas tsim nyog rau tus neeg.
Lawv muaj ib tug complex ntawm cov vitamins: A, C, D, E, B1, B2, B6, B12, thiab 18 amino acids tsim nyog rau tib neeg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nceb nceb yog vim muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm amylase thiab lipase enzymes, uas pab txhawb kev zom cov rog, fiber ntau thiab glycogen.
Lawv kuj muaj cov tseem ceeb unsaturated tseem ceeb acids, thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lom lom yam tshuaj uas pab txo cov cholesterol thiab muaj anti-sclerotic nyhuv.
Oyster nceb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub cev, vim tias lawv yog cov tshuaj zoo heev rau kev kho mob plab. Ua li no, noj cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab ntawm lub plab khoob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, gastritis thiab rwj tuaj yeem kho tau. Lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm oyster nceb muaj xws li hauv qab no:
- lawv txhim kho txoj hnyuv motility;
- siv los kho qhov txhab thiab kho qhov txhab;
- muaj hemostatic, emollient thiab enveloping zog;
- txhawb kev tshem tawm cov co toxins, tshuaj lom, co toxins;
- yog sorbent;
- yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj los tiv thaiv cov roj cholesterol, pab txo cov ntshav rog, uas tseem ceeb heev rau cov hlab plawv thiab cov ntshav ncig;
- oyster nceb infusion yog siv rau neurosis, rau qhov no, finely tws tshiab nceb nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 3 tablespoons yog poured nrog ib nrab ib liter ntawm liab cawu cub, piv txwv li, Cahors, thiab infused rau ib lub lim tiam, lub resulting infusion yog qaug dej qaug cawv 2 tablespoons ua ntej. mus pw;
- muaj cov tebchaw nrog kev ua haujlwm antioxidant, vim li ntawd, kev laus ntawm lub cev raug txo; muaj cov tshuaj uas txhawb kev tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol los ntawm lub cev, thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerosis;
- suav nrog oyster nceb hauv cov khoom noj kom txo tau txoj kev mob qog noj ntshav;
- qhia cog lus nyob rau hauv kev kho mob tropical malaria.
- Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm oyster nceb rau tib neeg kuj yog tias lawv muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob siab.
