txheem
Lub npe thoob ntiaj teb -, raws li kev noj zaub mov pabcuam tseem hu ua Retinol.
Fat-soluble vitamin, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, kev tsim cov pob txha thiab cov hniav, thiab cov qauv ntawm tes. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev pom kev hmo ntuj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub ntsws, digestive thiab urinary ib ntsuj av. Lub luag haujlwm rau kev zoo nkauj thiab cov hluas ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov plaub hau thiab cov rau tes, pom kev acuity. Vitamin A yog absorbed nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Retinol, uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim siab, ntses roj, qe qe, khoom noj siv mis thiab ntxiv rau margarine. Carotene, uas hloov mus rau hauv Retinol nyob rau hauv lub cev, muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Keeb kwm ntawm foundations
Thawj qhov xav tau ua ntej rau kev tshawb pom ntawm Vitamin A thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm rov tshwm sim xyoo 1819, thaum Fabkis tus kws kho lub cev thiab kws kho mob hlwb Magendie pom tias cov dev uas tsis tau noj zaub mov zoo muaj feem yuav ua rau mob rau cov pob kiav txhab thiab yuav muaj kev phom sij dua.
Xyoo 1912, British biochemist Frederick Gowland Hopkins nrhiav pom cov tshuaj tsis paub zoo hauv mis uas tsis zoo xws li cov rog, carbohydrates, lossis protein. Ntawm kev txheeb ze ze, nws muab tawm tias lawv txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov chaw kuaj nas. Txog nws cov kev nrhiav pom, Hopkins tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel xyoo 1929. Xyoo 1917, Elmer McCollum, Lafayette Mendel, thiab Thomas Burr Osborne kuj pom cov tshuaj zoo sib xws thaum kawm txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov rog kev noj haus. Hauv xyoo 1918, cov kab mob "ntxiv" tau pom tias yog cov roj nyeem ua kom tsis rog, thiab xyoo 1920 thaum kawg lawv tau lub npe hu ua Vitamin A.
Vitamin A nplua nuj zaub mov
Qhia kwv yees kwv yees muaj nyob hauv 100 g ntawm cov khoom
| + 16 ntau cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau (tus nqi μg hauv 100 g ntawm cov khoom yog qhia): | |||||||
| Basil | 264 | Quail qe | 156 | Mango | 54 | Ib lws suav | 42 |
| Mackerel nyoos | 218 | Cov tshuaj nplaum | 124 | Fennel, hauv paus | 48 | plums | 39 |
| Rosehip, txiv hmab txiv ntoo | 217 | Apricot | 96 | chilli | 48 | Zaub cob pob | 31 |
| Cov qe nyoos | 160 | Zoo li | 83 | txiv kab ntxwv qaub | 46 | neeg tawv nyuj | 8 |
Niaj hnub xav tau rau cov vitamin A
Cov lus pom zoo rau kev noj zaub mov kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj vitamin A txhua hnub yog ua raws li cov nyiaj uas xav tau los muab Retinol ntau lub hlis ua ntej. Lub peev xwm no txhawb txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam, kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog, kev pom thiab lub luag haujlwm.
Xyoo 1993, European Scientific Committee ntawm Khoom Noj Khoom Haus tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev pom zoo kom muaj cov vitamin A:
| Muaj hnub nyoog | Txiv neej (mcg ib hnub) | Cov poj niam (mcg ib hnub) |
| 6-12 lub hlis | 350 | 350 |
| 1-3 xyoo | 400 | 400 |
| 4-6 xyoo | 400 | 400 |
| 7-10 xyoo | 500 | 500 |
| 11-14 xyoo | 600 | 600 |
| 15-17 xyoo | 700 | 600 |
| 18 xyoos rov saud | 700 | 600 |
| Cev xeeb tub | - | 700 |
| Kab Mob Siab | - | 950 |
Ntau cov neeg saib xyuas khoom noj khoom haus nyob sab Europe, xws li German Khoom Noj Khoom Noj (DGE), pom zoo 0,8 mg (800 mcg) ntawm cov vitamins A (Retinol) ib hnub rau cov poj niam thiab 1 mg (1000 mcg) rau cov txiv neej. Txij li cov vitamins A ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab menyuam mos, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tau hais kom noj 1,1 mg ntawm vitamin A los ntawm 4 lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub. Cov poj niam uas pub niam mis rau menyuam noj yuav tsum tau txais 1,5 mg ntawm cov vitamin A ib hnub.
Hauv xyoo 2015, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tau tsim tawm tias kev noj cov vitamin A txhua hnub yuav tsum yog 750 mcg rau txiv neej, 650 mcg rau cov poj niam, thiab rau cov menyuam yug tshiab thiab menyuam 250 txog 750 mcg ntawm cov vitamin A ib hnub, suav txog hnub nyoog Cov. … Thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation, qhov ntau ntxiv ntawm cov vitamin uas yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv lub cev vim kev nce qib ntawm Retinol hauv cov nqaij mos thiab leej niam, nrog rau kev noj Retinol hauv cov kua mis, tau qhia tias muaj li ntawm 700 thiab 1,300 mcg ib hnub, ntsig txog.
Hauv xyoo 2001, Asmeskas Cov Khoom Noj thiab Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Khoom Noj kuj tau teeb tsa kom pom zoo kom noj tshuaj vitamin A:
| Muaj hnub nyoog | Txiv neej (mcg ib hnub) | Cov poj niam (mcg ib hnub) |
| 0-6 lub hlis | 400 | 400 |
| 7-12 lub hlis | 500 | 500 |
| 1-3 xyoo | 300 | 300 |
| 4-8 xyoo | 400 | 400 |
| 9-13 xyoo | 600 | 600 |
| 14-18 xyoo | 900 | 700 |
| 19 xyoos rov saud | 900 | 700 |
| Cev xeeb tub (18 xyoo rov hauv) | - | 750 |
| Cev xeeb tub (19 xyoos rov saud) | - | 770 |
| Pub niam mis (18 xyoos rov hauv) | - | 1200 |
| Pub niam mis (19 xyoos rov saud) | - | 1300 |
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, txawm hais tias qhov nyiaj nws txawv raws cov koom haum sib txawv, kwv yees li niaj hnub noj tshuaj vitamin A tseem nyob rau tib theem.
Qhov xav tau ntawm cov vitamin A nce nrog:
- 1 qhov hnyav hnyav;
- 2 kev siv dag zog lub cev;
- 3 ua haujlwm nyob rau hmo ua haujlwm;
- 4 koom nrog hauv kev sib tw kis las;
- 5 qhov xwm txheej ntxhov siab;
- 6 ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub teeb pom kev tsis raug;
- 7 ntxiv qhov muag pom ntawm cov saib;
- 8 cev xeeb tub, pub niam mis;
- 9 teeb meem nrog lub plab zom mov;
- 10 ARAV.
Lub cev nqaij thiab tshuaj muaj zog
Vitamin A yog ib tug fat-soluble vitamin uas belongs rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm molecules nrog ib tug zoo xws li cov qauv - retinoids - thiab muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom tshuaj: aldehydes (retinal), cawv (Retinol), thiab acid (retinoic acid). Hauv cov khoom tsiaj, feem ntau cov vitamin A yog ester, feem ntau retinyl palmitate, uas yog synthesized rau Retinol hauv cov hnyuv. Provitamin - biochemical precursors ntawm vitamin A - muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj cog, lawv yog cov khoom ntawm pawg carotenoid. Carotenoids yog cov organic pigments uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv chromoplasts ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tsawg dua 10% ntawm 563 carotenoids paub txog kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem ua rau cov vitamin A hauv lub cev.
Vitamin A yog hom vitamin-fat-soluble. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm cov vitamins, rau assimilation ntawm lub cev uas xav tau kev noj cov zaub mov uas muaj roj, roj lossis lipids. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv, rau ua noj ua haus, ,,, avocados.
Vitamin A noj tshuaj pab feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj ntim hauv cov tsiav tshuaj kom cov vitamin tag nrho los ntawm lub cev. Cov tib neeg uas tsis noj zaub mov muaj roj txaus yuav ua rau cov neeg tsis muaj rog txaus rau cov vitamins. Cov teeb meem zoo li no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg tsis tuaj yeem nqus lub cev tsis zoo. Qhov zoo, ib txwm muaj tshwm sim cov rog-soluble vitamins feem ntau pom hauv cov zaub mov uas muaj cov rog. Yog li, nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus txaus, qhov tsis muaj cov vitamins zoo li no muaj tsawg.
Txhawm rau kom cov vitamin A lossis carotene nkag mus rau cov ntshav hauv cov hnyuv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas lawv, zoo li lwm cov vitamins-fat-soluble vitamins, sib xyaw nrog bile. Yog tias cov zaub mov nyob rau lub sijhawm no muaj roj tsawg, tom qab ntawd cov kab mob me me yog cov zais, uas ua rau malabsorption thiab poob txog li 90 feem pua ntawm cov carotene thiab vitamin A hauv cov quav.
Kwv yees li 30% ntawm beta-carotene yog nqus los ntawm cov khoom noj cog, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov beta-carotene tau hloov mus rau vitamin A. Los ntawm 6 mg ntawm carotene hauv lub cev, 1 mg ntawm cov vitamin A yog tsim, yog li hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi ntawm carotene rau hauv cov nyiaj ntawm cov vitamin A yog 1: 6.
Peb xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog cov assortment ntawm vitamin A ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj ntau tshaj 30,000 ib puag ncig cov khoom lag luam, tus nqi txaus nyiam thiab kev tshaj tawm tsis tu ncua, tsis tu ncua 5% luv nqi nrog promo code CGD4899, pub dawb thoob ntiaj teb thauj khoom muaj.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov vitamins A
Vitamin A muaj ntau lub zog hauv lub cev. Tus nto moo tshaj plaws yog nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev pom kev. Retinyl ester thauj mus rau qhov retina, uas yog nyob sab hauv lub qhov muag, qhov twg nws pauv mus rau hauv cov khoom hu ua 11-cis-retinal. Ntxiv mus, 11-cis-retinal xaus rau hauv pas nrig (ib qho ntawm photoreceptors), qhov twg nws koom ua ke nrog opsin protein thiab ua rau pom cov xim pom "rhodopsin". Rhodopsin muaj cov pas nrig tuaj yeem tshawb pom txawm tias me me ntawm lub teeb, ua rau lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev pom kev hmo ntuj. Qhov nqus ntawm photon ntawm lub teeb catalyzes qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm 11-cis-retinal rov qab rau tagnrho-trans retinal thiab ua rau nws tso tawm los ntawm cov protein. Qhov no ua rau muaj txoj xov ntawm cov xwm txheej coj mus rau tiam ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau qhov kho qhov muag, uas tau ua thiab txhais los ntawm lub hlwb. Qhov tsis muaj Retinol muaj rau tus retina ua rau kev hloov kho tsis zoo rau kev tsaus ntuj hu ua kev pom kev tsaus ntuj.
Vitamin A nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm retinoic acid ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm noob qhia tawm. Thaum Retinol nqus los ntawm lub cell, nws tuaj yeem oxidized rau retinal, uas yog oxidized rau retinoic acid. Retinoic acid yog lub molecule haib heev uas khi rau ntau yam nuclear receptors los pib lossis inhibit noob qhia. Los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev qhia txog kev paub ntawm cov caj ces, retinoic acid ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txawv ntawm tes, ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog tshaj lij.
Vitamin A xav tau rau lub cev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Retinol thiab nws cov metabolites xav tau los tuav lub meej mom thiab ua haujlwm ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qog ua kua (ua pa, plab zom mov thiab tso zis). Cov nqaij no ua qhov thaiv kev thiab yog lub cev ntawm thawj kab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev kis mob. Vitamin A ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb, lymphocytes, uas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev teb lub cev.
Vitamin A yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho embryonic, kev coj ncaj qha rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nqaj, kev tsim lub plawv, qhov muag thiab pob ntseg ntawm cov me nyuam hauv plab. Ntxiv rau, retinoic acid cuam tshuam kev qhia ntawm kev loj hlob hormone noob. Ob qho tib si tsis muaj thiab ntau tshaj ntawm cov vitamin A tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem thaum yug los.
Vitamin A siv rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qia ua qe ntshav liab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov vitamin A zoo li txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua kom cov hlau los ntawm cov peev hauv lub cev, coj ncaj qha rau kev tsim cov ntshav liab. Muaj, hlau nyob hauv hemoglobin - cov cab kuj ntawm oxygen hauv erythrocytes. Vitamin A metabolism ntseeg tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab nrog ob peb txoj hauv kev. Zinc deficiency tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis kev thauj mus los ntawm Retinol, qhov kev txo qis ntawm Retinol tso rau hauv daim siab thiab txo qis ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Retinol rau qhov retina. Cov tshuaj Vitamin A muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua kom tsis muaj hlau (ntshav liab) thiab txhim kho kev nqus hlau hauv menyuam yaus thiab poj niam cev xeeb tub. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov vitamin A thiab hlau zoo tuaj yeem kho tau ntau dua li tsuas yog ntxiv cov hlau lossis vitamin A.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias cov vitamins A, carotenoids, thiab provitamin A carotenoids yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kev txhim kho mob plawv. Cov dej num ua antioxidant ntawm vitamin A thiab carotenoids yog muab los ntawm hydrophobic saw ntawm polyene units, uas muaj peev xwm tso suab singlet oxygen (cov pa oxygen nrog qhov kev ua haujlwm siab dua), neutralize thiyl radicals, thiab ruaj ntseg peroxyl radicals. Hauv ntej, ntev npaum li cas polyene saw, ntau dua qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm peroxyl radical. Vim tias lawv cov qauv, vitamin A thiab carotenoids tuaj yeem oxidized thaum cov kev ntxhov siab O2 nce thiab yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa oxygen siab uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm theem muaj sia hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev muaj pov thawj pom tau hais tias cov vitamin A thiab carotenoids yog cov khoom noj tseem ceeb hauv kev txo cov kab mob plawv.
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), uas muab tswv yim kev tshawb fawb rau cov kws tshaj lij, tau lees tias cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv nram qab no tau pom nrog kev noj haus vitamin A:
- feem kev faib tawm ntawm tes;
- ib txwm muaj kev txhim kho thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog;
- tswj xyuas cov xwm txheej qub ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qog ua kua;
- kev saib xyuas ntawm kev pom;
- dab tsi hlau metabolism.
Vitamin A muaj lub siab sib xyaw nrog cov vitamins C thiab E thiab cov zaub mov muaj hlau thiab zinc. Cov vitamins C thiab E tiv thaiv cov vitamin A los ntawm oxidation. Vitamin E tsub kom kev nqus tau ntawm cov vitamin A, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau kis uas muaj vitamin E tau noj tsawg. Ib qhov muaj vitamin E ntau nyob rau hauv kev noj zaub mov, nyeg, cuam tshuam qhov nqus ntawm cov vitamin A. Zinc pab kev nqus ntawm cov vitamin A los ntawm kev koom nrog nws hloov mus rau Retinol. Vitamin A txhim kho qhov nqus ntawm hlau thiab cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov hlau tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub siab.
Vitamin A kuj ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog cov vitamins D thiab K2, magnesium, thiab cov zaub mov muaj roj. Cov vitamins A, D thiab K2 ua haujlwm sib luag los pab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv, txhawb kev loj hlob txaus, tswj kom cov pob txha thiab kev kho hniav, thiab tiv thaiv cov nqaij mos ntawm calcification. Magnesium yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim tawm ntawm txhua cov protein, suav nrog cov cuam tshuam nrog cov vitamins A thiab D. Ntau cov protein koom nrog cov metabolism hauv cov vitamins A thiab cov receptors rau ob qho vitamins A thiab D ua haujlwm kom raug tsuas yog nyob ntawm zinc.
Cov vitamins A thiab D kuj tseem ua haujlwm ua ke los tswj kev tsim tawm ntawm qee cov vitamins-dependant. Thaum cov vitamin K ua rau cov protein ua haujlwm, lawv pab ua kom cov pob txha thiab cov hniav, tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha thiab lwm cov nqaij mos los ntawm kev ua kom tsis txaus, thiab tiv thaiv kev tuag ntawm tes.
Cov zaub mov muaj vitamin A zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj "zoo" rog. Piv txwv li, spinach, uas yog siab nyob rau hauv vitamin A thiab lutein, yog pom zoo kom ua ke nrog. Tib yam mus rau lettuce thiab carrots, uas mus zoo nrog avocados nyob rau hauv zaub xam lav. Raws li txoj cai, tsiaj cov khoom uas nplua nuj nyob rau hauv vitamin A twb muaj ib co roj, txaus rau nws ib txwm nqus. Raws li rau zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv me me ntawm cov roj zaub rau zaub nyoos los yog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab - qhov no peb yuav paub tseeb tias lub cev yuav tau txais cov vitamin tsim nyog tag nrho.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov vitamin A tshwj xeeb, nrog rau lwm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov khoom ntuj tsim, es tsis yog cov khoom noj khoom haus. Siv cov vitamins nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshuaj, nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev los ua yuam kev nrog cov tshuaj thiab tau txais ntau tshaj li qhov xav tau ntawm lub cev. Ib qho overabundance ntawm ib los yog lwm yam vitamin los yog mineral nyob rau hauv lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev. Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob oncological tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev tsis zoo, cov metabolism thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev raug cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov vitamins hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog thiab tom qab sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
Daim ntawv thov hauv cov tshuaj
Kev noj ntau ntawm cov vitamin A yog tau hais tseg hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- rau cov vitamin A tsis txaus, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov neeg muaj protein tsawg, ua tsis txaus cov thyroid caj pas, ua npaws, mob siab, cystic fibrosis, lossis kev mob tsis zoo uas hu ua abelatipoproteinemia.
- mob cancer mis. Cov pojniam uas tsis muaj hnub nyoog yug nrog tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm mob cancer mis uas noj cov vitamin A ntau nyob hauv lawv cov zaub mov yog xav txo lawv txoj kev pheej hmoo yuav ua mob cancer mis. Nws tseem tsis tau paub yog tias cov tshuaj vitamin A ntxiv muaj cov nyhuv zoo li no.
- … Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev noj cov vitamin A ntau hauv zaub mov ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo sai sai ntawm kev muaj mob cataracts.
- nrog raws plab tshwm sim los ntawm. Kev noj cov tshuaj vitamin A nrog rau cov tshuaj zoo li pom txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag los ntawm raws plab rau cov menyuam yaus HIV uas muaj tus kab mob vitamin A tsis txaus.
- … Kev noj cov tshuaj vitamin A pab txo cov tsos mob ntawm malaria hauv cov menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj tus kabmob malaria.
- … Kev noj cov tshuaj vitamin A pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev phom sij lossis kev tuag los ntawm tus mob qhua pias nyob rau cov menyuam uas mob qhua pias uas tsis muaj vitamin A.
- nrog cov mob voos xwm yeem hauv qhov ncauj (qhov ncauj tawm ntawm qhov ncauj). Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev noj cov tshuaj vitamin A tuaj yeem pab kho qhov mob ua ntxhiab ua ntej ntawm lub qhov ncauj.
- thaum rov qab los ntawm kev phais qhov muag laser. Kev noj tshuaj vitamin A qhov ncauj nrog rau cov vitamin E txhim kho kom zoo dua tom qab kev phais qhov muag.
- nrog cov teeb meem tom qab cev xeeb tub. Noj tshuaj vitamin A txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ua kom raws plab thiab kub cev tom qab cev xeeb tub hauv cov poj niam tsis muaj zaub mov zoo.
- nrog cov nyom thaum cev xeeb tub. Kev noj cov tshuaj vitamin A pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag thiab tsaus ntuj thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub hauv cov poj niam tsis muaj zaub mov noj.
- rau cov kab mob qhov muag cuam tshuam rau tus kab mob retina (retinitis pigmentosa). Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev noj cov tshuaj vitamin A tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm qhov muag ntawm cov kab mob qhov muag uas ua kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov leeg
Daim ntawv pharmacological ntawm cov vitamin A tuaj yeem sib txawv. Hauv cov tshuaj, nws pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj, tee rau kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov ncauj, tee rau kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj hauv cov tshuaj pleev, cov tshuaj ntsiav, cov kua roj rau cov tshuaj intramuscular, tshuaj pleev rau qhov ncauj rau kev tswj hwm hauv qhov ncauj, hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab-ntsiav tshuaj. Vitamin A noj rau prophylaxis thiab rau lub hom phiaj tshuaj, raws li txoj cai, 10-15 feeb tom qab noj mov. Cov roj hauv cov tshuaj daws tau noj thaum malabsorption hauv plab zom mov lossis mob hnyav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum kev kho mob ntev yog tsim nyog, ib qho kev daws rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular yog ua ke nrog cov tshuaj ntsiav. Hauv cov chaw muag tshuaj, cov vitamins A feem ntau hais hauv International Chav Nyob. Rau cov mob me mus txog qib qis vitamin tsis txaus, cov neeg laus tau sau tseg 33 txhiab rau Cov Neeg Nyob Hauv Ib Hnub; nrog hemeralopia, xerophthalmia - 50-100 txhiab IU / hnub; cov menyuam yaus - 1-5 txhiab IU / hnub, nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog; rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij rau cov laus - 50-100 txhiab IU / hnub; cov menyuam yaus - 5-20 txhiab IU / hnub.
Cov tshuaj ib txwm qhia qhia siv cov vitamin A ua tshuaj rau cov tawv nqaij tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo. Rau qhov no, nws raug nquahu kom siv ntses roj, daim siab, roj thiab qe, ntxiv rau cov zaub uas muaj vitamin A ntau - taub dag, apricot, carrots. Freshly squeezed carrot kua txiv nrog ntxiv cov qab zib lossis zaub roj yog ib qho tshuaj zoo rau qhov tsis muaj zog. Lwm qhov kev kho neeg pej xeem kom tau txais cov tshuaj vitamin tau txiav txim siab los ua ib qho decoction ntawm cov tubers ntawm cov paj noob hlis - nws tau siv los ua tonic, kho kom rov zoo thiab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov noob paj noob hlis kuj tseem suav tias yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov vitamin A, nrog rau lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, uas tau siv sab hauv thiab ua ib feem ntawm cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg sab nraud, tshuaj pleev thiab decoctions. Raws li qee qhov ntawv tshaj tawm, muaj ntau cov vitamin A muaj nyob rau saum cov carrots, txawm tias ntau dua hauv cov txiv ntoo nws tus kheej. Nws tuaj yeem siv ua zaub mov noj, ntxiv rau ua cov dej qab zib, uas yog siv sab hauv raws li chav kawm rau ib hlis.
Tshawb fawb Tseeb Tshawb Fawb Txog Vitamin A:
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav ntawm Case Western Reserve University Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Cov Tshuaj pom tau tias kev tswj tsis tau cov metabolism hauv vitamin A hauv lub plab yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Qhov nrhiav pom tau tsim cov kev sib txuas ntawm kev noj haus muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab mob o - thiab cov mob plab.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom cov ceg ntoo nyob hauv cov vitamin A cov txheej txheem metabolic uas yog nyob ntawm cov protein tshwj xeeb hu ua ISX. Qhov pib ntawm txoj hauv kev yog beta-carotene-cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov xim, ua tsaug uas cov xim ntawm cov qos yaj ywm qab zib thiab carrots tau tsim. Beta-carotene tau hloov pauv mus rau vitamin A hauv txoj hnyuv. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, feem coob ntawm cov vitamin A tau thauj mus rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg, ua kom pom kev zoo thiab lwm yam haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov nas uas tau tshem ISX, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov protein pab lub cev sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Protein pab rau txoj hnyuv me txiav txim siab Ntev npaum li cas beta-carotene xav tau kom tau raws li lub cev xav tau ntawm vitamin A. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob vam khom rau cov txheej txheem tswj no kom raug rau cov zaub mov nkag mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv me. Qhov no muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv kev phom sij ntsig txog zaub mov. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias thaum ISX tsis nyob, cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub plab zom mov tau dhau los ua zaub mov noj beta-carotene-laden. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig ua pov thawj tias ISX yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb ntawm yam peb noj thiab tiv thaiv lub plab. Cov kws tshawb fawb xaus lus tias tshem tawm cov protein ISX ua rau muaj kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov noob uas hloov beta carotene rau vitamin A 200-fold. Vim li no, ISX-tshem cov nas tau txais cov vitamin A ntau dhau thiab pib hloov nws mus rau hauv retinoic acid, cov qauv uas tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov noob, suav nrog cov uas tsim kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov mob tshwm sim raws li cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau thaj tsam hauv cov hnyuv nruab nrab ntawm lub plab thiab cov nyuv thiab pib nce ntxiv. Qhov mob hnyav no kis mus rau tus txiav thiab ua rau tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov nas.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tau hais tias cov vitamin A tsub kom ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm insulin-β-cells. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau pom tias insulin-ua cov beta hlwb muaj cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua nyob rau ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag uas nkag siab zoo rau cov vitamin A. Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ntseeg tias qhov no yog vim tias Vitamin A ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov qe hlwb thaum ntxov ntawm lub neej. , ntxiv rau qhov tseeb thiab ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm tseem tshuav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij cov kabmob pathophysiological - uas yog, nrog qee cov kabmob muaj kabmob.
Txhawm rau kawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov vitamin A nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ua haujlwm nrog insulin hlwb los ntawm cov nas, cov neeg noj qab haus huv, thiab cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2. Cov kws tshawb fawb tawg rog muab cov receptors thaiv thiab muab cov qab zib ib co rau cov neeg mob. Lawv tau pom tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov qe voos insulin tsis zoo zuj zus. Qhov zoo li qub tuaj yeem pom thaum sib piv cov insulin hlwb los ntawm cov neeg pub ntshav qab zib hom 2. Cov cell los ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj insulin piv rau cov neeg hlwb tsis muaj ntshav qab zib. Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tau tshawb pom tias beta hlwb tiv thaiv kev mob o yog txo qis thaum tsis muaj vitamin A. Thaum tsis muaj vitamin A, cov cell tuag. Txoj kev tshawb no tseem yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau qee yam mob ntshav qab zib hom 1, thaum cov qe ntshav tsis zoo tsim nyob rau theem pib ntawm lub neej. "Raws li nws tau meej meej tom qab kev tshawb fawb nrog cov tsiaj, cov nas yug menyuam tshiab yuav tsum muaj vitamin A rau kev loj hlob tag nrho ntawm lawv cov qe hlwb. Peb zoo nkauj tseeb tias nws yog qhov tib yam hauv tib neeg. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau txais cov vitamin A txaus hauv lawv cov zaub mov noj, "Albert Salehi, Cov Laus Txheeb Xyuas Cov Khomob ntawm Lub Chaw Mob Ntshav Qab Zib ntawm Lund University hauv Sweden.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv University of Lund hauv Sweden tau tshawb pom qhov txiaj ntsig yav dhau los uas tsis pom zoo ntawm cov vitamin A ntawm kev tsim kho lub ntiaj teb embryonic. Lawv cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov vitamin A muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav nyob hauv ntshav. Daim paib molecule uas muaj npe hu ua retinoic acid yog qhov vitamin A derivative uas pab txiav txim siab tias ntau hom nqaij sib txawv li cas hauv kev loj hlob hauv plab.
Kev tshawb nrhiav tsis tau pom los ntawm chav kuaj ntawm xibfwb Niels-Bjarn Woods ntawm Lund Stam Cell Center hauv Sweden tau qhia txog cov teebmeem ntawm retinoic acid rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab, qe ntshav dawb thiab ntshav los ntawm qia hlwb. Hauv chav kuaj, qia hlwb raug pawg los ntawm qee yam thev naus laus zis, hloov mus rau hauv cov ntshav hematopoietic. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias qib retinoic acid yuav txo qis cov qe ntshav tsim. Kev txo qis hauv retinoic acid, nyeg, nce ntau ntxiv ntawm cov qe ntshav los ntawm 300%. Txawm hais tias muaj cov tshuaj vitamin A xav tau rau lub cev xeeb tub ib txwm muaj, nws tau pom tias ntau dhau ntawm cov vitamin A ua rau lub cev tsis zoo, ua kom paub txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm malformation lossis kev txiav cev xeeb tub. Hauv kev pom txog qhov no, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tau pom zoo kom tswj hwm kev noj zaub mov uas muaj ntau ntawm cov vitamin A hauv daim ntawv ntawm retinoids, xws li, piv txwv, daim siab. "Qhov tshwm sim ntawm peb cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias ntau ntau cov vitamin A muaj qhov tsis zoo rau hematopoiesis. Qhov no qhia tau tias cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum zam dhau kev noj cov vitamins A ntxiv, "Niels-Bjarn Woods.
Vitamin A hauv cosmetology
Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb rau cov tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv thiab toned. Thaum koj tau txais cov vitamins txaus, koj tuaj yeem tsis nco qab txog teeb meem xws li tawv nqaij tawv nqaij, muaj hnoob nyoog, ntxau, voos.
Vitamin A nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab, concentrated daim ntawv yuav pom tau yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub khw muag tshuaj, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm capsules, roj daws thiab ampoules. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv zoo, yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj, thiab nyiam dua tom qab 35 xyoo. Cosmetologists qhia ua qhov ncauj qhov ntswg uas muaj vitamin A thaum lub caij txias thiab ib hlis ib zaug. Yog hais tias muaj contraindications rau kev siv ntawm lub khw muag tshuaj vitamin A nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, koj muaj peev xwm hloov nws nrog ntuj cov khoom uas muaj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov vitamin - kalina, parsley, spinach, qe qe, khoom noj siv mis, taub dag, carrots, ntses roj, algae.
Muaj ntau cov zaub mov txawv rau lub ntsej muag nrog vitamin A. Lawv feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj muaj roj-rog qab zib, roj burdock. Vitamin A (daws cov roj thiab Retinol acetate) ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog kua txiv aloe, oatmeal thiab zib ntab. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov ua rau lub ntsej muag thiab cov nqaij nyob hauv qab qhov muag, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj vitamin A thiab cov roj zaub, lossis tshuaj Aevit, uas twb muaj tag nrho cov vitamin A thiab vitamin E. Ib qho kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab kho mob rau pob txuv yog daim npog nrog av, vitamin A hauv ampoule lossis me me ntawm zinc pleev, thov 2 zaug hauv ib hlis. Thaum muaj qhov tsis haum tshuaj, qhib qhov txhab thiab ua rau tawv nqaij, ib qho ntawm nws cov kab mob, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.
Vitamin A kuj tseem zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntsia hlau thaum sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom xyaw. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem npaj daim npog ntsej muag nrog cov kua vitamins A, B, thiab D, cov roj pleev tes, kua txiv qaub, thiab ib qho iodine poob. Qhov sib tov no yuav tsum tau siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm txhais tes thiab ntsia hlau daim hlau, zaws rau 20 feeb thiab tawm mus kom nqus tau. Ua cov txheej txheem no tas li yuav txhim kho koj cov rau tes thiab tes.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov vitamin A ntawm plaub hau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev zoo nkauj yuav tsum tsis txhob raug yaum. Nws tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau zawv plaub hau (tam sim ntawd ua ntej txhua tus txheej txheem, kom tsis txhob oxidation ntawm cov tshuaj thaum muab ntxiv rau tag nrho cov tsuaj zawv plaub hau), hauv qhov ncauj qhov ntswg - txhawm rau kom ci, muag ntawm cov plaub hau muaj zog. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, cov vitamin A tau pom zoo kom muab ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom xyaw - vitamin E, ntau cov roj, decoctions (chamomile, horsetail), (rau qhov muag muag), mustard lossis kua txob (txhawm rau kom plaub hau kev loj hlob). Cov nyiaj no yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj rau cov neeg uas muaj kev fab tshuaj rau lub tsev muag tshuaj vitamin A thiab rau cov neeg uas nws cov plaub hau cuam tshuam txog cov rog cov ntsiab lus.
Vitamin A hauv tsiaj txhu, qoob loo thiab kev lag luam
Pom nyob rau hauv cov nyom ntsuab, alfalfa thiab qee cov roj ntses, vitamin A, paub li hu ua Retinol, yog ib yam khoom noj uas xav tau rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm nqaij qaib. Vitamin A tsis txaus ua rau cov plumage tsis zoo nrog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj zog, qhov muag thiab nqaj, txawm tias mus txog rau kev puas tsuaj. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom yog tias tsis muaj cov vitamin A tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb kev loj hlob.
Vitamin A muaj lub txee ua lub sijhawm luv luv thiab, vim li ntawd, cov zaub mov qhuav khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev yuav tsis muaj cov vitamins A. Tom qab muaj mob lossis kev ntxhov siab, tus kab mob ntawm lub cev muaj zog heev. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov chav kawm luv luv ntawm cov vitamin A kom pub noj lossis dej haus, muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, vim tias tsis muaj cov vitamin A txaus, cov noog tau raug rau ntau cov teeb meem pathogens.
Vitamin A tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov tsiaj lub cev, kom muaj lub siab zoo, tsho tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv thiab tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov lus qhia tseeb txog cov tshuaj vitamin A
- nws yog thawj cov vitamins pom los ntawm tib neeg;
- polar dais siab yog cov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov vitamin A uas noj tag nrho daim siab tuaj yeem ua rau neeg tuag taus;
- kwv yees li ntawm 259 txog 500 lab tus menyuam poob qis tsis pom kev zoo txhua xyoo vim tias muaj cov vitamin A tsis txaus;
- hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, cov vitamins A feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov npe Retinol acetate, retinyl linoleate thiab retinyl palmitate;
- Vitamin A-cov muaj qoob loo, txhim kho kwv yees li 15 xyoo dhau los, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntau pua txhiab tus neeg dig muag ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tab sis vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov khoom noj hloov pauv, nws tsis tau muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm.
Cov khoom muaj phom sij ntawm cov vitamin A, nws cov lus contraindications thiab cov lus ceeb toom
Vitamin A yog qhov tawm tsam mus rau qhov kub siab, tab sis rhuav tshem nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Yog li, khaws cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vitamin thiab tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus.
Cov tsos mob ntawm Vitamin A Tsis Txaus
Kev tsis txaus Vitamin A feem ntau tshwm sim vim kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus ntawm cov vitamin A, beta-carotene lossis lwm yam provitamin A carotenoids; uas yog metabolized rau cov vitamin A hauv lub cev. Ntxiv nrog rau teeb meem kev noj haus, kev haus cawv ntau dhau thiab malabsorption tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm rau cov vitamins A tsis txaus.
Qhov tshwm sim ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cov vitamin A tsis txaus yog qhov pom kev tsis pom kev hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, lossis hmo ntuj dig muag. Qhov tsis txaus los sis ncua ntev ntawm cov vitamin A ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov pob txha ntawm lub pob zeb, uas qhov kawg ua rau mob pob txha. Kev muaj Vitamin A tsis txaus ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv cov teb chaws vam meej yog qhov ua rau dig muag.
Vitamin A tsis txaus kuj tseem txuas rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, txo qis kev muaj peev xwm los tua cov kab mob sib kis. Txawm tias cov menyuam yaus uas muaj vitamin A tsis txaus muaj qhov ua rau muaj mob ntsws thiab mob raws plab ntau dua, nrog rau kev muaj kev phom sij ntau ntawm kev kis tus kab mob (tshwj xeeb), piv nrog cov menyuam yaus uas noj cov vitamin A txaus tsim nyog. kev tsis taus ntawm kev loj hlob thiab pob txha tsim hauv menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb, kev tsis muaj vitamin A tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws muaj hlwb (COPD) thiab emphysema, uas xav tias yuav ua rau muaj mob ntsws cancer.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tshaj Vitamin A
Mob ntshav qab zib vitamin A hypervitaminosis tshwm sim los ntawm qib siab heev ntawm Retinol, uas nqus sai thiab maj mam tawm ntawm lub cev, yog qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li xeev siab, mob taub hau, qaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov, kiv taub hau, tawv nqaij qhuav, thiab xiam hlwb. Muaj kev tshawb fawb uas ua pov thawj tias ncua sijhawm ntau ntawm cov vitamin A hauv lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau txhim kho osteoporosis. Qee yam hluavtaws Retinol derivatives (piv txwv li tretinate, isotretinoin, tretinoin) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws ntawm lub cev thiab vim li ntawd yuav tsum tsis txhob siv thaum cev xeeb tub lossis thaum ua kom xeeb tub. Thaum zoo li no, beta-carotene yog suav tias yog qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov vitamin A.
Cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm Beta-Carotene thiab Retinol Efficacy Study (CARET) tau qhia tias kev noj haus vitamin ntev ntev (Retinol) thiab beta-carotene ntxiv yuav tsum zam nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo mob ntsws ntsws, xws li cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab cov tib neeg rau asbestos.
Kev sib tham nrog lwm cov khoom siv tshuaj
Vitamin A, uas twb nkag rau hauv cov hlab ntshav, pib sai sai yog tias lub cev tsis muaj cov vitamins E. Thiab yog tias cov vitamins B4 (choline) tsis txaus, ces cov vitamin A tsis khaws cia rau kev siv yav tom ntej. Tshuaj tua kab mob yog xav kom txo me ntsis cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov vitamin A. Tsis tas li ntawd, vitamin A tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua isotretinoin thiab ua rau muaj kev phiv loj heev.
Peb tau sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txog vitamin A hauv daim duab no thiab peb yuav zoo siab yog tias koj qhia daim duab hauv kev sib tham hauv zej zog lossis blog, muaj qhov txuas rau nplooj ntawv no:
- Wikipedia tsab xov xwm “Vitamin A”
- Lub koom haum kho mob British. AZ Family Medical Encyclopedia
- Maria Polevaya. Carrots tiv thaiv qog thiab urolithiasis.
- Vladimir Kallistratov Lavrenov. Phau Ntawv Qhia txog Tshuaj Hmoob Nroj Tsuag.
- Cov protein ua tswj cov vitamin A metabolic taug, tiv thaiv kev mob,
- Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov vitamin A nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib,
- Sij hawm dhau los tsis paub txog cov vitamin A tau txheeb xyuas,
- Walter A. Droessler. Yuav noj qab npaum li cas thiab zoo heev (p. 64)
- USDA Cov Khoom Noj Sib Sau Sau Nyiaj,
Txwv tsis pub siv cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis muaj peb kev sau ntawv tso cai ua ntej yog txwv.
Hauv paug tswj tsis muaj feem xyuam rau kev sim siv cov ntawv qhia, tswv yim lossis zaub mov noj, thiab tseem tsis tau lees tias cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg yuav pab lossis ua phem rau koj tus kheej. Ua tib zoo thiab ib txwm tham nrog kws kho mob tsim nyog!