txheem
Porcini nceb tau raug suav hais tias yog tus tswv ntawm hav zoov - lawv nyiam heev vim tias lawv muaj cov saj qab thiab tsim nyog rau txhua hom kev ua noj.
Tsis muaj ntau hom porcini nceb, thiab lawv txhua tus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cua tshiab thiab qhuav. Hauv hav zoov ntawm Central Peb Lub Tebchaws, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom cov nceb dawb birch thiab dawb ntoo thuv nceb. Raws li lub npe qhia, qee qhov ntawm lawv pom nyob rau hauv hav zoov deciduous, thaum lwm tus pom nyob rau hauv hav zoov coniferous.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm porcini nceb thiab lawv ntau yam, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov nceb ntxaib thiab lwm yam nthuav tseeb yog muab rau koj mloog.
Mushroom Dawb thiab nws daim duab
Qeb: noj tau.
Dawb nceb hau ((Boletus edulis) (inch 8-30 cm):matte, me ntsis convex. Nws muaj xim liab, xim av, daj, txiv qaub lossis xim txiv kab ntxwv tsaus.
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Ua tib zoo saib rau daim duab ntawm porcini nceb: cov npoo ntawm nws lub kaus mom feem ntau sib dua li qhov chaw tsaus. Lub hau yog du rau qhov kov, nyob rau hauv huab cua qhuav nws feem ntau tawg, thiab tom qab los nag nws yuav ci thiab me ntsis slimy. Daim tawv nqaij tsis sib cais los ntawm lub pulp.
ceg (qhov siab 9-26 cm): feem ntau sib dua li lub kaus mom - lub teeb xim av, qee zaum nrog reddish tinge. Raws li nrog yuav luag tag nrho cov boletes, nws tapers upward, muaj cov duab ntawm ib lub tog raj kheej, ib lub club, tsis tshua muaj ib lub thoob. Yuav luag tag nrho cov npog nrog ib lub mesh ntawm lub teeb leeg.
Tubular txheej: dawb, hauv cov nceb qub nws tuaj yeem ua daj lossis txiv ntseej. Yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub kaus mom. Cov pores me me yog puag ncig.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab ntawm porcini nceb, lawv txhua tus muaj zog, muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov xim dawb huv, uas thaum kawg hloov mus rau yellowish. Hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij nws tuaj yeem ua xim av lossis xim liab. Tsis muaj suab nrov.
Peb npaug: Cov neeg sawv cev noj tau ntawm tsev neeg Boletaceae thiab cov kab mob gall (Tylopilus felleus). Tab sis lub gall tsis muaj lub pulp me me, thiab nws cov tubular txheej muaj ib qho pinkish tint (hauv cov kab mob dawb dawb nws yog dawb). Muaj tseeb, qub porcini nceb tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo tib yam. Lwm qhov sib txawv yog tias thaum nias, tubular txheej ntawm lub gall fungus ua txawv xim liab los yog brownish. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - qhov saj ntawm inedible gall mushroom sib haum mus rau lub npe, thaum lub dawb ib tug qab ntxiag.
Thaum loj hlob: cov nceb dawb loj hlob los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli mus txog rau thaum xaus lub Cuaj Hli. Nws muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov ntoo ntau dua li hauv cov tiaj. Nws yog ib qho ntawm ob peb nceb uas muaj nyob hauv thaj tsam Arctic.
Kuv tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov twg: Hauv qab firs, oaks thiab birch. Ntau zaus hauv hav zoov, cov ntoo uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, nyob ib sab ntawm chanterelles, greenfinches thiab ntsuab russula. Dawb fungus tsis nyiam waterlogged, swampy thiab peaty av.
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Noj: muaj saj zoo heev.
Ntau xyoo dhau los, cov neeg xaiv nceb tau pom cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, porcini nceb pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow hnyav yuav luag 10 kg thiab muaj lub taub hau ntawm yuav luag 60 cm. Nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw yog ib tug porcini nceb txiav nyob ze Vladimir. Nws hnyav 6 kg 750 g.
Siv cov tshuaj ib txwm siv (cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau lees paub thiab tsis tau kuaj pom!): fungus dawb, txawm tias me me, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov nceb no yog siv los tiv thaiv tuberculosis thiab kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tom qab mob hnyav, frostbite thiab ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav tau ntev tau kho nrog tincture.
Birch porcini nceb: yees duab thiab ntxaib
Qeb: noj tau.
Taub hau birch porcini nceb (Boletus betulicolus) (txoj kab uas hla 6-16 cm) ci iab, tuaj yeem yuav luag dawb lossis ocher lossis daj. Bulky, tab sis ua flatter thaum lub sij hawm. Xav tias du rau qhov kov.
ceg (qhov siab 6-12,5 cm): dawb los yog brownish, muaj cov duab ntawm ib tug elongated chim, khoom.
Tubular txheej: qhov ntev ntawm cov hlab yog mus txog 2 cm; cov pores me me thiab puag ncig.
Pulp: dawb thiab qab.
Cov menyuam ntxaib ntawm birch porcini nceb - tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev noj tau ntawm tsev neeg Boletaceae thiab kab mob fungal (Tylopilus felleus), uas muaj meshes ntawm qia, tubular txheej hloov xim liab nrog lub hnub nyoog, thiab cov nqaij muaj iab saj.
Lwm lub npe: spikelet (qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov dawb birch fungus nyob rau hauv Kuban, txij li thaum nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub rye ripens (pob ntseg).
Thaum loj hlob: Los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj hauv cheeb tsam Murmansk, thaj tsam Far East, Siberia, nrog rau hauv Western European lub teb chaws.
Saib ntawm daim duab ntawm birch dawb fungus nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej - nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov ntoo birch los yog ib sab ntawm lawv, ntawm hav zoov ntug. Cov nceb ntawm tsev neeg Boletaceae yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas lawv tuaj yeem tsim mycorrhiza (symbiotic fusion) nrog ntau tshaj 50 hom ntoo.
Noj: muaj saj zoo heev. Yuav ua tau boiled, kib, qhuav, salted.
Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv tsoos tshuaj: tsis siv.
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Dawb nceb ntoo thuv (upland) thiab nws cov duab
Qeb: noj tau.
dawb ntoo thuv nceb (Boletus pinicola) muaj lub kaus mom nrog lub cheeb ntawm 7-30 cm, matte, nrog me me tubercles thiab ib tug network ntawm me me wrinkles. Feem ntau xim av, tsis tshua muaj xim liab lossis liab doog, tsaus dua hauv qhov chaw. Hauv cov nceb hluas, nws muaj cov duab ntawm hemisphere, tom qab ntawd nws yuav luag tiaj tus lossis me ntsis convex. Xav tias qhuav rau qhov kov, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los nag yuav nplua thiab nplaum.
Ua tib zoo saib rau daim duab ntawm ob txhais ceg ntawm cov ntoo thuv dawb - nws qhov siab yog 8-17 cm, nws muaj cov qauv mesh lossis me me tubercles. Lub stalk yog tuab thiab luv, nthuav tawm los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Lub teeb dua lub hau, feem ntau lub teeb xim av, tab sis tej zaum yuav yog ntawm lwm qhov ntxoov ntxoo.
Tubular txheej: yellowish-txiv ntseej nrog nquag puag ncig pores.
Zoo li tus so ntawm porcini nceb, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv no, cov nqaij ntawm cov ntoo thuv boletus yog ntom thiab fleshy, dawb ntawm qhov txiav thiab tsw ntawm cov txiv ntoo toasted.
Cov menyuam ntxaib ntawm ntau hom kab mob dawb no yog tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Boletaceae thiab cov nceb tsis tuaj yeem (Tylopilus felleus), tubular txheej uas muaj xim pinkish.
Thaum loj hlob: Los ntawm thaum xaus ntawm lub rau hli ntuj mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj nyob rau hauv lub European ib feem ntawm peb lub teb chaws thiab sab qab teb Siberia, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv Western Europe thiab Central America.
Kuv tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov twg: singly los yog nyob rau hauv pawg loj hlob ib sab ntawm pines, tsis tshua muaj nyob ze oaks, chestnuts, beeches thiab firs.
Noj: suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov nceb qab tshaj plaws. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua daim ntawv - qhuav, boiled (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv soups), kib los yog nyob rau hauv npaj. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv cov nceb me me, vim cov laus yuav luag txhua zaus wormy.
Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv tsoos tshuaj: tsis siv.
Lwm lub npe rau ntau yam ntawm porcini nceb
Boletus porcini nceb feem ntau hu ua: boletus, nyuj, pog, menyuam, belevik, striker, capercaillie, zoo-natured, daj, feather nyom, konovyash, konovyatik, korovatik, nyuj, nyuj, nyuj, nyuj, korovik, mullein, mullein, dais, dais, lauj kaub, nyuj, nyuj nceb.
Lwm lub npe rau Pine porcini nceb yog boletus noj mov-hlub, nce toj porcini nceb.