txheem
Autumn nceb yeej ib txwm nrov ntawm cov nceb pickers. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev no loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam loj, thiab cov qoob loo ntau ntawm nceb tuaj yeem tau sau los ntawm ib lub pob zeb lossis lub pob tw ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nceb yog suav hais tias tseem ceeb heev vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm phosphorus, hlau, calcium, nrog rau ntau yam vitamins thiab kab kawm. Kuj tseem muaj cov nceb caij nplooj zeeg, uas yog hu ua cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe.
Cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe ua pov thawj rau lawv lub npe, thoob plaws hauv cov neeg. Cov kaus mom ntawm cov tsiaj no ncav cuag 20 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, thiab loj hlob ntau tshaj 20 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb, cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe hu ua golden flakes.
Cov nceb caij nplooj zeeg no tsis loj hlob hauv pawg loj li lwm hom. Zib ntab agaric Royal lossis golden flake nyiam "kev kho siab" lossis loj hlob hauv pawg me. Cov tsiaj no tsis tshua muaj, tab sis cov nceb pickers, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tas yuav sau lawv, xav tias lawv inedible. Tab sis kuv yuav tsum hais tias qhov saj ntawm scaly muaj koob muaj npe nceb xyaum tsis txawv ntawm txhua tus neeg nyiam thiab nrov lub caij nplooj zeeg hom.
Novice mushroom pickers nug: puas muaj koob muaj npe nceb noj tau lossis tsis? Yuav kom paub cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no, cia saib ib daim duab thiab piav qhia txog cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe.
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Cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe zoo li cas: cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm nceb
Lub npe Latin: Pholiota aurivella.
Tsev Neeg: strophariaceae.
Tsi yog: ntawv ci los yog flake.
txhais: Royal zib mu agaric, golden flake, sulfur-daj flake, willow.
Edibility: nceb nceb.
Muaj: txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hau yog loj, thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 5 mus rau 10 cm; Hauv cov neeg laus cov qauv, los ntawm 10 mus rau 20 cm. Lub hau yog dav tswb-puab nyob rau hauv cov duab, tab sis hloov nrog lub hnub nyoog mus rau ib tug ca-puab puag ncig. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm rusty daj mus rau kub kub. Tag nrho saum npoo ntawm lub hau yog dotted nrog flaky nplai ntawm reddish xim.
ceg: ntev ntawm 6 mus rau 12 cm, txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1 mus rau 2 cm. Nthuav, daj-xim av ntxoov ntxoo nrog brownish nplai nyob rau ntawm nws. Lub qia yog framed los ntawm lub nplhaib fibrous, tab sis raws li cov fungus loj hlob, lub nplhaib ploj.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv: dav thiab adnate rau ceg nrog denticles. Cov xim ntawm daim hlau thaum muaj hnub nyoog hluas ntawm cov fungus yog lub teeb straw. Thaum lawv loj tuaj, cov xim ua txiv ntseej lossis xim av.
Pulp: muaj ib tug qab ntxiag tsw, dawb-daj nyob rau hauv cov xim.
daim ntawv thov: nceb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Lawv muaj ntau ntawm magnesium thiab hlau - cov tshuaj uas koom nrog hauv hematopoiesis. Noj zib mu agaric ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg muaj koob muaj npe pab ua kom tsis muaj cov zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab nce hemoglobin. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom nceb no tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.
Kis: feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv deciduous forests, nrog rau nyob rau hauv coniferous forests ntawm swampy cheeb tsam thoob plaws hauv peb lub teb chaws.
Cov duab ntawm cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe yuav pab cov nceb nceb tshiab kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb cuav:
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Lub caij nplooj zeeg muaj koob muaj npe nceb nyob qhov twg?
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Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias edible hom ntawm muaj koob muaj npe nceb loj hlob nyob rau hauv puas ntoo trunks, qub, ntev-txiav stumps. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv av nyob ib sab ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov ntoo tawv tawv thiab conifers. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm golden lossis muaj koob muaj npe zib ntab agarics pib thaum Lub Yim Hli thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum lub Cuaj Hli. Cov neeg nyob hauv Primorsky Krai tuaj yeem khaws cov nceb zoo kawg no los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Tsib Hlis mus rau nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli.
Qhov twg ntxiv cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe loj hlob, thiab cov ntoo twg lawv nyiam tshaj plaws? Feem ntau hom nceb no nyob ntawm lub cev ntawm cov ntoo deciduous, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm alder lossis willow, qee zaum xaiv birch thiab birch stumps, tsawg dua - cov ntoo coniferous hauv cov av ntub dej. Saib cov duab hauv qab no qhia seb cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe zoo li cas ntawm cov ntoo hauv hav zoov:
Qee lub sij hawm txawm paub txog cov nceb pickers, vim qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov flakes golden, tsis meej pem nrog cov nceb cuav uas loj hlob hauv tib thaj chaw. Yog li ntawd, peb xav kom koj ua tib zoo nyeem cov duab ntawm edible thiab cuav muaj koob muaj npe nceb:
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, flakes los yog muaj koob muaj npe nceb yog nceb noj tau. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej siv, nws yuav tsum tau boiled hauv dej ntsev rau 20-25 feeb. Txij li thaum muaj koob muaj npe nceb muaj saj zoo heev, lawv tau siv rau hauv appetizers, zaub xam lav, thawj thiab thib ob chav kawm. Flakes mus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nrog kib lossis boiled qos yaj ywm. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm cov nceb no, ntau tus niam tsev npaj rau lub caij ntuj no: pickled, salted, khov thiab qhuav.
Qee zaum cov nceb tuaj yeem pom hauv hav zoov ntoo thuv thiab hav zoov spruce. Cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe zoo li cas yog tias koj pom nws hauv hav zoov coniferous? Feem ntau, cov nplai sau hauv hav zoov deciduous txawv ntawm cov loj hlob hauv coniferous sawv daws yuav. Thawj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nceb pom nyob rau hauv cov ntoo thuv hav zoov yog cov xim tsaus ntawm lub hau thiab nplai, thiab qhov thib ob yog lub iab saj. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau cov vitamin C, PP thiab E hauv cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsuas muaj 100 calories ib 22 g ntawm flake, yog li cov ntsiab lus calorie ntawm hom no tsawg heev. Tias yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg tsis noj nqaij thiab cov neeg uas ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tsawg. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm phosphorus thiab calcium, cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe sib tw nrog cov ntses.
Cov kws tshaj lij tau teev cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe hauv IV qeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws lawv tsis tau noj thiab tsis txawm sau, vim hais tias pawg no belongs rau inedible hom txawv teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Peb Lub Tebchaws lawv tau npaj tib yam li cov nceb caij nplooj zeeg zoo tib yam. Lawv yog pre-boiled nyob rau hauv salted dej thiab tsuas yog ces kib, stewed los yog boiled thawj cov kev kawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj koob muaj npe caij nplooj zeeg nceb yog siv rau hauv lwm yam zaub mov txawv: lawv noj nceb stew, julienne, ua caviar, pastes, kua ntses, hodgepodges thiab nceb ntim rau pizza thiab pies.
Cov kaus mom muaj koob muaj npe nceb, zoo li cov pob prickly, zoo heev rau pickle lossis ntsev. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus nceb yuav tsum tau ua thawj zaug: ntxuav los ntawm cov nplai thiab cov khib nyiab hav zoov. Lub ntsiab saj ntawm golden flake yog muab zais rau hauv lub kaus mom. Ob txhais ceg tom qab ib tug ntev boil yuav nyuaj thiab qhuav.
Txawm hais tias golden flake yog dav hauv Peb Lub Tebchaws thiab paub zoo, nws tsis tau sau ntau zaus. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias tsawg tus neeg paub hom nceb no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb connoisseurs ntawm nceb delicacies muab tso rau ntawm ib qho chaw nrog lub caij nplooj zeeg nceb thiab txawm nceb. Peb muab rau koj saib cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm kev sau cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe hauv hav zoov deciduous los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm "kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to":
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe los ntawm cov nceb cuav (nrog duab)
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Feem ntau, cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe hu ua willows, txij li nws yog on willows uas lawv tau sau. Cov nceb no loj hlob yuav luag los ntawm nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov mus txog rau Frost. Inexperienced mushroom pickers tuaj yeem ua rau cov nceb noj tau nrog cov npauj uas tsis tau noj. Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe los ntawm cov nceb cuav inedible? False zib mu agaric hluav taws hlob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tshauv, raws li zoo raws li cov laus hluav taws, overgrown nrog nyom thiab shrubs. Nws muaj ib tug kaj xim, iab saj thiab ib tug unpleasant tsw. Txawm hais tias lub pulp yog kua thiab ntom, nws tsis noj vim tsw. Cov fungus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, peb thov kom sib piv cov duab ntawm Royal zib mu agaric thiab cuav:
Muaj ntau ntau hom nceb muaj koob muaj npe, uas suav tias yog cov khoom noj tau zoo.
Piv txwv li, lub flake yog mucous, uas yog heev zoo ib yam li Royal golden flake. Lub kaus mom ntawm cov nceb hluas yog tswb-puab, uas ua concave thaum cov nceb loj tuaj, thiab cov npoo ntawm lub hau nce. Yog tias huab cua los nag, ces cov nqaij yuav slimy thiab nplaum, uas yog lub npe rau flake - slimy. Lub qia ntawm no fungus nws thiaj li ua hollow, thiab lub nplhaib ntawm qia ploj tag nrho. Slimy flakes loj hlob tsuas yog ntawm cov ntoo rotted txij thaum nruab nrab Lub Yim Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli.
Lwm qhov tsis tseeb muaj koob muaj npe zib ntab agaric - cinder flake, suav tias yog inedible. Cov duab ntawm lub kaus mom thaum lub hnub nyoog hluas ntawm cov fungus yog hemispherical, thiab nyob rau hauv mature nws ua kiag li prostrate. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom yog ci heev - txiv kab ntxwv-xim av, cov npoo yog them nrog cov seem ntawm cov ntaub pua plag. Lub stalk ntawm nplai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws sab qis, yog densely them nrog xim av fibers. Lub nplhaib uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov nceb tiag tiag tsis pom ntawm txhais ceg.
Conditionally edible yog cov feem ntau flake, uas zoo ib yam li cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm kho tau, nws tseem muaj ib qho tsis zoo - hallucinogenicity. Koj tuaj yeem noj nws, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab kev kho cua sov ntev. Boil hom no tsawg kawg yog 40 feeb thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd noj. Hom nceb no yog sau tsis tshua muaj, feem ntau tsuas yog cov neeg uas paub yuav ua li cas ua noj. Tom qab tag nrho, paub txog cov nceb pickers paub tias nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub siv cov flakes nrog cawv. Opium muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cawv, muaj peev xwm ua tau unpredictable txim rau lub cev.Yuav kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe, peb xav kom saib cov duab qhia qhov sib txawv no:
Tau paub koj tus kheej zoo nrog lawv, koj tuaj yeem mus rau tom hav zoov rau cov nceb muaj koob muaj npe. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tseem tsis paub meej txog koj txoj kev paub, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo, tab sis khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas paub txog koj.