Poov xab

txheem

Cov khoom noj muaj poov xab:
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov poov xab, lawv cov nyhuv rau lub cev
- - Kev cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb
- Cov cim qhia tias tsis muaj poov xab hauv lub cev
Lwm Yam Khoom Noj Muaj Txiaj Ntsig:

Cov poov xab yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob "hauv tsev" qub tshaj plaws. Archaeologists tau xaus lus tias nyob ib ncig ntawm 6000 BC. Cov neeg Iyiv haus npias nrog kev zoo siab. Thiab lawv tau kawm ci ncuav ncuav mog qab zib nyob ib ncig ntawm 1200 BC.

Niaj hnub no, muaj txog 1500 hom poov xab nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv pom nyob rau hauv nplooj, hauv av, ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv nectar ntawm paj, nyob rau hauv berries, sprouted nplej nplej, malt, kefir. Ascomycetes thiab basidomycetes yog cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov poov xab uas niaj hnub no.

Cov poov xab yog siv ua noj ua haus los ua ntau hom khoom ci thiab dej qab zib. Millstones thiab bakeries, dluab ntawm brewers rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm ancient nroog ua tim khawv rau lub ancient sij hawm ntawm kev siv cov kab mob no nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej.

Cov khoom noj muaj poov xab:

General yam ntxwv ntawm poov xab

Cov poov xab yog ib pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob unicellular uas nyob hauv cov kua dej ib nrab thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo-nplua nuj substrates. Lub ntsiab txawv feature ntawm poov xab yog fermentation. Microscopic fungi ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Thaum lub ambient kub nce mus txog 60 degrees, cov poov xab tuag.

Cov poov xab yog kawm los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb ntawm zymology. Raws li txoj cai, cov nceb nceb tau "nrhiav" los ntawm Pasteur hauv xyoo 1857. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom poov xab uas muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej, peb feem ntau siv tsuas yog 4 ntawm lawv hauv peb cov khoom noj. Cov no yog brewer's poov xab, mis nyuj, wine thiab bakery poov xab. Lush qhob cij thiab pastries, kefir, npias, txiv hmab txiv ntoo - cov khoom no yog cov thawj coj tiag tiag hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hom poov xab.

Lub cev ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv kuj muaj qee hom kab mob no. Lawv nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, hauv cov hnyuv, nrog rau cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub cev. Cov fungi ntawm genus Candida yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau lub cev. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau dhau lawm, lawv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab tseem ua rau muaj qee yam kab mob (candidiasis).

Qhov nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no yog kua, qhuav thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus neeg ua mov ci poov xab. Thiab tseem brewer cov poov xab, uas yog cov khoom noj khoom haus, tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Tab sis tsis muaj tsawg pab tau thiab ntau lub ntuj yog poov xab pom nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov.

Lub cev niaj hnub xav tau cov poov xab

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias rau lub cev ua hauj lwm ntawm txoj hnyuv, muaj cov poov xab zoo li fungi yog ib qho tsim nyog. Hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj, cov kws kho mob hu cov duab zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov muaj cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv - 10 mus rau 4th lub zog ntawm daim ib 1 ntsuas (1 gram ntawm cov hnyuv).

Cov kws kho mob ntseeg tias 5-7 grams poov xab ib hnub muab lub cev xav tau cov vitamins B txhua hnub thiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Qhov xav tau rau poov xab nce:

thaum ua haujlwm hnyav rau lub cev thiab lub hlwb;
nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev ntxhov siab;
nrog ntshav liab;
nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm carbohydrate thiab vitamin-mineral, protein metabolism hauv lub cev;
cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg ntawm kev noj haus;
nrog dermatitis, furunculosis, pob txuv;
nrog kub hnyiab thiab qhov txhab;
beriberi;
kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog;
kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov (ulcers, colitis, gastritis);
thiab neuralgia;
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS);
nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas muaj cov xov tooj cua ntau ntxiv los yog muaj kev phom sij ntawm lwm yam tshuaj.

Qhov xav tau ntawm cov poov xab txo:

nrog rau kev ua xua rau cov khoom noj uas muaj poov xab;
nrog rau mob raum;
cov kab mob endocrine;
nrog dysbiosis thiab gout;
predisposition ntawm lub cev rau thrush thiab lwm yam kab mob fungal.

Poov digestibility

Cov poov xab yog 66% protein. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov proteins nws muaj, poov xab yog tsis inferior rau ntses, nqaij, mis nyuj. Lawv tau zoo absorbed los ntawm lub cev, muab hais tias tsis muaj intolerance rau tremors, raws li zoo raws li lawv cov kev siv me ntsis.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov poov xab, lawv cov nyhuv rau lub cev

Potassium, calcium, hlau, magnesium, vitamins ntawm pab pawg B, H thiab P, folic acid, proteins thiab amino acids, lecithin, methionine - qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov as-ham muaj nyob rau hauv poov xab.

Poov xab activates zaub mov assimilation, nce qab los noj mov, stimulates metabolism. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub peev xwm nqus ntawm cov hnyuv.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov poov xab uas muaj nyob rau hauv poov xab mov paj thiab pastry tuag raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm high kub ua. Yog li ntawd, qhob cij thiab cov khoom ci tsis yog cov khoom uas muaj cov poov xab nyob.

Kev cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov poov xab yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv muaj suab thaj thiab dej. Cov poov xab txhim kho lub cev nqus ntawm ntau cov as-ham. Txawm li cas los xij, kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj cov poov xab tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis haum ntawm calcium thiab qee cov vitamins.

Cov cim qhia tias tsis muaj poov xab hauv lub cev

teeb meem nrog kev zom;
tsis muaj zog;
ntshav tsis txaus;
teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau, rau tes.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov poov xab ntau dhau hauv lub cev:

kev tsis haum tshuaj los ntawm cov poov xab intolerance;
thrush thiab lwm yam kab mob fungal;
tsam plab.

Cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov poov xab hauv lub cev

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab muaj cov poov xab hauv lub cev yog tib neeg kev noj haus. Kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm cov poov xab thiab tag nrho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov poov xab cov ntsiab lus hauv lub cev.

Poov xab rau kev zoo nkauj thiab kev noj qab haus huv

Cov tawv nqaij, plaub hau, rau tes ua kom zoo nkauj ua ntej peb ob lub qhov muag thaum noj cov khoom uas muaj cov poov xab nyob. Hauv cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov tsos thiab tswj nws qhov kev ntxim nyiam. Daim npog ntsej muag poov xab, rau txim los ntawm tus neeg ua mov ci poov xab nrog mis nyuj, tshuaj ntsuab los yog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab daim npog ntsej muag poov xab yog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab siv tau ob qho tib si hauv ancient sij hawm thiab niaj hnub no.

Daim npog ntsej muag nourishing poov xab yog npaj raws li hauv qab no: 20 grams poov xab yog tov nrog 1 teaspoon ntawm zib mu, ces 1 tablespoon ntawm nplej los yog rye hmoov yog ntxiv. Lub resulting sib tov yog diluted nrog sov boiled mis nyuj (3-4 tablespoons). Lub npog ntsej muag yog siv rau lub ntsej muag uas tau ntxuav ua ntej 15 feeb, tom qab ntawd ntxuav tawm nrog dej sov. Cov txheej txheem no haum rau cov tawv nqaij qhuav thiab ib txwm muaj.

Ib daim npog ntsej muag rau cov tawv nqaij oily yog npaj raws li hauv qab no: 20 grams ntawm poov xab yog diluted nyob rau hauv kefir kom tau qhov sib xws ntawm tuab qaub cream. Lub npog ntsej muag yog siv rau lub ntsej muag, thiab tom qab 15 feeb nws raug ntxuav tawm nrog dej sov.

Rau colitis thiab enterocolitis, cov poov xab qhuav kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj. Ua li no, 1 teaspoon ntawm poov xab tau ntxiv rau ib khob ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tom qab 15-20 feeb qhov sib tov yog qaug dej qaug cawv.

Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov plaub hau, muab ib nrab ntawm cov poov xab nrog piam thaj hauv ib da dej. Tom qab pib fermentation, ntxiv me ntsis zib mu thiab mustard. Qhov sib tov yog siv rau cov plaub hau, qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub taub hau (plastic qhwv, ces ib phuam). Ntxuav lub npog ntsej muag tom qab 60 - 90 feeb.