Aspergillosis yog ib qho kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov genus Aspergillus. Hom kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv lub ntsws, thiab feem ntau hauv cov neeg tsis muaj zog thiab / lossis tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntau qhov kev kho mob antifungal tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

Kev txhais ntawm aspergillosis

Aspergillosis yog ib lo lus kho mob uas sib koom ua ke tag nrho cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm fungi ntawm genus Aspergillus. Lawv yog vim qhov nqus ntawm cov spores ntawm cov fungi (uas yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev cov noob ntawm fungi). Nws yog vim li no tias aspergillosis feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsws, thiab tshwj xeeb hauv lub ntsws.

Ua rau aspergillosis

Aspergillosis yog ib qho kab mob nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov genus Aspergillus. Hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob, nws yog vim muaj hom Aspergillus fumigatus. Lwm hom kab mob, suav nrog ib. niger, A. nidulans, A. flavus, thiab A. versicolor, kuj tuaj yeem ua rau aspergillosis.

Hom d'aspergilloses

Peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm aspergillosis:

• Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis uas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum rau Aspergillus hom, feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov mob hawb pob thiab cov neeg uas muaj cystic fibrosis;
• aspergilloma, pulmonary aspergillosis uas ua rau muaj cov kab mob fungal nyob rau hauv lub ntsws kab noj hniav thiab ua raws li cov kab mob yav dhau los xws li tuberculosis lossis sarcoidosis;
• aspergillary sinusitis uas yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj daim ntawv ntawm aspergillosis hauv sinuses;
• invasive aspergillosis thaum kis nrog Aspergillus fumigatus Nws kis tau los ntawm kev ua pa mus rau lwm yam kabmob (lub hlwb, lub plawv, lub siab, lub raum, thiab lwm yam) ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm aspergillosis

Nws yog raws li kev kuaj mob uas tuaj yeem ntxiv los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tob:

• kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv lom neeg los ntawm thaj chaw muaj kab mob los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob fungal;
• x-ray lossis CT scan ntawm thaj chaw muaj mob.

Cov neeg cuam tshuam los ntawm aspergillosis

Hauv feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, lub cev muaj peev xwm tawm tsam cov kab mob Aspergillus thiab tiv thaiv aspergillosis. Tus kab mob no tsuas yog tshwm sim yog hais tias cov mucous daim nyias nyias hloov los yog lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim aspergillosis yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• hawb pob;
• cystic fibrosis;
• keeb kwm ntawm tuberculosis lossis sarcoidosis;
• hloov khoom nruab nrog cev, nrog rau kev hloov pob txha pob txha;
• kev kho mob qog noj ntshav;
• koob tshuaj ntau thiab ntev corticosteroid kho;
• ntev neutropenia.

Cov cim ua pa

Aspergillosis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob los ntawm kev ua pa. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntsws thiab tshwm sim los ntawm cov cim ua pa sib txawv:

• hnoos;
• xuav;
• ua pa nyuaj.

Lwm yam cim

Nyob ntawm daim ntawv ntawm aspergillosis thiab nws cov chav kawm, lwm cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim:

• ua npaws ;
• sinusitis;
• kab mob rhinitis;
• mob taub hau;
• ntu ntawm malaise;
• kev nkees;
• poob phaus;
• mob hauv siab;
• ntshav sputum (hemoptysis).

Tus kab mob Aspergillus no tsuas yog kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob (xws li voriconazole, amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, echinocandins, thiab lwm yam).

Muaj kev zam. Piv txwv li, kev kho mob antifungal tsis zoo rau aspergilloma. Hauv qhov no, kev kho mob phais yuav tsim nyog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov pob fungal. Hais txog kev tsis haum bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, kev kho mob yog raws li kev siv corticosteroids los ntawm aerosols lossis los ntawm qhov ncauj.

Kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muaj kev txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj zog thiab txwv tsis pub lawv raug rau cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov genus Aspergillus. Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, kev cais tawm hauv chav tsis muaj menyuam tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm aspergillosis invasive nrog rau qhov tshwm sim loj.