Lo lus "phobia" yog hais txog ntau yam kev puas siab puas ntsws, xws li agoraphobia, claustrophobia, social phobia, thiab lwm yam. phobia yog characterized los ntawm irrational ntshai an xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, xws li kev ntshai ntawm kev nqa lub elevator, lossis ntawm a yam khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li ntshai kab laug sab. Tab sis phobia yog dhau qhov kev ntshai yooj yim: nws yog qhov tiag kev chim siab uas tuav ntawm cov neeg uas tau ntsib nrog nws. Tus neeg phobic yog heev meej pem ntawm nws ntshai. Yog li ntawd, nws sim zam, los ntawm txhua txoj kev, qhov xwm txheej ntshai lossis qhov khoom.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, kev txom nyem los ntawm phobia tuaj yeem ua rau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Yog hais tias nws yog ib tug ophidiophobia, uas yog hais tias ib tug phobia ntawm nab, tus neeg yuav, piv txwv li, tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv zam cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, lwm yam phobias tig mus ua nyuaj rau kev hla txhua hnub, xws li kev ntshai ntawm cov neeg coob coob lossis ntshai kev tsav tsheb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus neeg phobic sim, tab sis feem ntau nyob rau hauv vain, kov yeej kev ntxhov siab vim qhov teeb meem no muab rau nws. Cov kev ntxhov siab uas nrog cov phobia tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab ua rau tus neeg phobic sai sai, ob lub cev thiab lub hlwb. Nws nyiam cais nws tus kheej me ntsis kom nyob deb ntawm cov teeb meem no. Qhov no zam dhau Tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj lij thiab / lossis kev sib raug zoo lub neej ntawm cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm phobia.

Muaj ntau hom phobias. Hauv kev faib tawm, peb xub pom phobias yooj yim thiab phobias txoj nyob rau hauv uas tsuas yog tshwm sim agoraphobia thiab social phobia.

Ntawm cov phobias yooj yim, peb pom:

• Tsiaj-hom phobias uas sib haum mus rau ib tug ntshai induced los ntawm cov tsiaj los yog kab;
• Phobias ntawm "natural ib puag ncig" hom uas sib raug rau kev ntshai tshwm sim los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso xws li thunderstorms, siab lossis dej;
• Phobias ntshav, txhaj tshuaj lossis raug mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ntshai cuam tshuam txog cov txheej txheem kho mob;
• Situational phobias uas cuam tshuam txog kev ntshai vim yog qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb xws li kev thauj pej xeem, qhov av, txuas hniav, kev mus los hauv huab cua, elevator, tsav tsheb lossis chaw kaw.

loj heev

Raws li qee qhov chaw, hauv Fabkis 1 ntawm 10 tus neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm phobia¹⁰. Cov poj niam yuav cuam tshuam ntau dua (2 poj niam rau 1 txiv neej). Thaum kawg, qee qhov phobias muaj ntau dua li lwm tus thiab qee qhov tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg hluas lossis laus dua.

"Nco" ntshai thaum menyuam yaus

Hauv cov menyuam yaus, qee qhov kev ntshai yog nquag thiab yog ib feem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Ntawm qhov kev ntshai tshaj plaws, peb tuaj yeem hais: ntshai kev sib cais, ntshai qhov tsaus ntuj, ntshai dab, ntshai tsiaj me, thiab lwm yam.

Feem ntau, cov kev ntshai no tshwm sim thiab ploj mus nrog lub hnub nyoog yam tsis cuam tshuam rau tag nrho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qee qhov kev ntshai tshwm sim dhau sijhawm thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tus cwj pwm thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam, tsis txhob yig mus ntsib kws kho mob.

diagnostic

Kev kuaj mob phobia, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias tus neeg nthuav qhia pheej pheej ntshai tej yam xwm txheej lossis tej yam khoom.

Tus neeg phobic txaus ntshai ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog qhov xwm txheej ntshai lossis qhov khoom. Qhov kev ntshai no tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev ntxhov siab tas mus li uas qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Qhov kev ntxhov siab no ua rau tus neeg phobic à mus ncig cov xwm txheej lossis cov khoom uas ua rau muaj kev ntshai hauv nws, dhau los txhaum zam dhau thiab / lossis kev tuav pov hwm rov qab (tsis txhob muab ib yam khoom los yog hais kom ib tug neeg tuaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj kev ruaj ntseg).

Txhawm rau kuaj mob phobia, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xa mus rau Diagnostic cov txheej txheem rau phobia tshwm hauv DSM IV (Diagnostic thiab Statistical Manual ntawm Mental Disorders - 4^st edition) lub CIM-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – 10^st kho dua tshiab). Nws coj tau ib tug kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag meej nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nrhiav tau lub cov paib manifestation ntawm phobia.

Muaj ntau yam xws li Kev ntshai nplai (FSS III) los yog duaCov Lus Nug thiab Cov Lus Nug Mattews Ntshai, muaj rau cov kws kho mob thiab kws kho mob hlwb. Lawv tuaj yeem siv lawv los ua validate objectively lawv kuaj thiab ntsuam xyuas covsiv ntawm phobia nrog rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov no tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm tus neeg mob.

Ua rau

Phobia yog ntau tshaj qhov kev ntshai, nws yog ib qho kev ntxhov siab tiag tiag. Qee qhov phobias tsim tau yooj yim dua thaum menyuam yaus, xws li kev ntxhov siab txog kev sib cais ntawm leej niam (kev ntxhov siab sib cais), thaum lwm tus tshwm sim ntau dua thaum hluas los yog neeg laus. Nws yuav tsum paub tias qhov xwm txheej raug mob lossis kev ntxhov siab heev tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm phobia.

cov yooj yim phobias feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv thaum yau. Cov tsos mob classic tuaj yeem pib ntawm 4 thiab 8 xyoo. Feem ntau, lawv ua raws li ib qho xwm txheej uas tus menyuam muaj kev tsis txaus siab thiab ntxhov siab. Cov xwm txheej no suav nrog, piv txwv li, mus ntsib kws kho mob, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis kuaj ntshav. Cov menyuam yaus uas tau raug kaw hauv qhov chaw kaw thiab tsaus ntuj tom qab muaj kev sib tsoo yuav ua rau muaj kev ntshai ntawm qhov chaw kaw, hu ua claustrophobia. Nws tseem muaj peev xwm hais tias cov me nyuam muaj phobia "los ntawm kev kawm.² » Yog lawv ntsib nrog lwm tus neeg phobic hauv lawv tsev neeg ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg uas ntshai nas, tus me nyuam kuj tuaj yeem tsim kev ntshai ntawm nas. Tseeb tiag, nws yuav muaj kev sib koom ua ke lub tswv yim uas yuav tsum tau ntshai ntawm nws.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm complex phobias yog qhov nyuaj dua los txheeb xyuas. Ntau yam (neurobiological, noob caj noob ces, puas siab puas ntsws lossis ib puag ncig) zoo li ua lub luag haujlwm hauv lawv qhov tsos.

Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tib neeg lub hlwb yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev "preprogrammed" kom hnov ​​​​txog qee yam kev ntshai (nab, tsaus ntuj, emptiness, thiab lwm yam). Nws zoo nkaus li tias qee qhov kev ntshai yog ib feem ntawm peb cov cuab yeej cuab tam caj ces thiab nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov no tau tso cai rau peb kom muaj sia nyob hauv ib puag ncig kev tawm tsam (tsiaj qus, ntuj tsim, thiab lwm yam) uas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau hloov zuj zus.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Cov neeg uas muaj phobia feem ntau muaj lwm yam kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li:

• kev ntxhov siab, xws li kev ntxhov siab lossis lwm yam phobia.
• kev nyuaj siab.
• Kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj nrog anxiolytic zog xws li cawv³.

Teeb meem

Kev txom nyem los ntawm phobia tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo rau tus neeg uas muaj nws. Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev xav, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg phobic. Hauv kev sim tawm tsam qhov kev ntxhov siab uas nrog rau phobia, qee tus neeg tuaj yeem tsim txom qee yam tshuaj uas muaj kev ntxhov siab xws li cawv thiab tshuaj psychotropic. Nws tseem muaj peev xwm hais tias qhov kev ntxhov siab no hloov mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam ntshai lossis kev ntxhov siab dav dav. Hauv qhov xwm txheej loj tshaj plaws, phobia tuaj yeem ua rau qee tus neeg tua tus kheej.