Hauv Fab Kis, ib yam li lwm lub tebchaws, cov tub ntxhais kawm xav mus rau npe kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem, ntawm Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws, tau faib ib lub tsev haujlwm raws li lawv qhov chaw nyob. Yog tias txoj haujlwm no tsis haum, rau tus kheej, kev tshaj lij lossis yog vim li cas kev kho mob, niam txiv tuaj yeem thov zam lub tsev kawm ntawv txhawm rau tso npe rau lawv tus menyuam hauv kev tsim lawv xaiv. Tab sis nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej.

Keeb kwm me ntsis

Nws yog xyoo 1963 tias daim npav "tsev kawm ntawv" no tau muab tso rau hauv Fabkis los ntawm Christian Fouchet, tom qab ntawd Minister of Education. Lub teb chaws tau muaj zog ntawm kev tsim kho thiab daim duab qhia no tau tso cai rau Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws los faib cov tsev kawm ntawv kom ncaj ncees raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, lawv hnub nyoog thiab txhais tau tias kev qhia tsim nyog ntawm thaj chaw.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv daim ntawv qhia keeb kwm tsis muaj txoj haujlwm txuas nrog rau kev sib raug zoo lossis kev kawm thiab lwm lub tebchaws xws li Nyij Pooj, Sweden lossis Finland tau ua ib yam.

Lub hom phiaj yog binary:

• nkag tau mus rau kev kawm rau txhua tus menyuam hauv thaj chaw;
• kev faib cov lus qhia.

Qhov kev nthuav dav no tseem tso cai rau Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws los npaj qhib thiab kaw cov chav kawm raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm xav tau. Qee lub chaw haujlwm, xws li Loire Atlantique, tau pom lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov pejxeem nce thaum, hauv lwm lub tuam tsev, nws yog qhov kev poob qis ntawm cov pejxeem uas tab tom tshwm sim. Yog li daim ntawv qhia tsev kawm ntawv hloov pauv ib xyoos ib xyoos.

Thaum twg kev sib raug zoo thiab kev kawm sib txawv tshwm sim?

Cov lus nug no tshwm sim sai tom qab vim tias qee tsev neeg, ceeb toom qhov sib txawv hauv kev xeem ua tiav nyob ntawm kev tsim, lossis xav kom lawv cov menyuam nyob hauv lawv ib puag ncig kev sib raug zoo, sai sai thov kom zam kev xaiv lawv lub tsev haujlwm.

Kev muaj vaj huam sib luag rau kev kawm ntawv yog li ntawd tiag tiag, tab sis qhov tseeb kev tsim lawv tus kheej tau dhau los ua cov cim ntawm kev vam meej hauv zej zog. Piv txwv li, Sorbonne University tau paub thoob ntiaj teb. Thiab ntawm CV, qhov ntawd twb yog khoom muaj nqis.

Txog rau xyoo 2008, qhov laj thawj rau kev thov zam yog:

• niam txiv lub luag haujlwm tshaj lij;
• yog vim li cas kev kho mob;
• ncua kev kawm ntawv nyob hauv tib lub tsev haujlwm, tom qab txav mus los;
• cuv npe hauv ib lub tsev lag luam hauv nroog uas muaj ib tus kwvtij lossis tus muam twb kawm ntawv lawm.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw no tau pom sai los ntawm tsev neeg:

• kev yuav vaj tsev nyob hauv cheeb tsam uas xav tau;
• domiciling lawv tus menyuam nrog ib tus neeg hauv tsev neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev nyiam ntawm lub tsev haujlwm raug xaiv;
• xaiv qhov kev xaiv tsis tshua muaj (Suav, Lavxias) tam sim no tsuas yog hauv qee lub koom haum.

Txoj cai tseem qhia ntxiv tias tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum xub txais cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas nyob hauv lawv cov haujlwm thiab thov zaum ob kom zam.

Vaj tsev nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam uas xav tau siab, tau pom lawv cov nqi nce. Qhov no yog rooj plaub, piv txwv li, ntawm qhov chaw thib 5 uas yog li muaj tus nqi them vim yog muaj Henri-IV tsev kawm qib siab.

Niaj hnub no, cov laj thawj rau kev zam thiab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa tsim nyog yog:

• cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj kev xiam oob qhab - Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Txoj Cai thiab Kev Muaj Peev Xwm (kev ceeb toom xa los ntawm MDPH);
• menyuam kawm ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev kho mob tseem ceeb nyob ze qhov chaw thov - Daim ntawv pov thawj kho mob;
• tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav yog tus tuav nyiaj pab kawm ntawv-Daim ntawv ceeb toom zaum kawg ntawm kev them se lossis tsis them se thiab daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm CAF;
• kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov nus muag - Daim ntawv pov thawj kev kawm;
• tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas nws lub tsev, nyob ntawm ntug kev pabcuam, ze rau lub tsev haujlwm xav tau - Tsev xa ntawv, 
• tsab ntawv ceeb toom txog nyiaj se hauv tuam tsev, daim ntawv ceeb toom them se lossis daim ntawv ceeb toom tsis them se;
• thaum muaj kev hloov pauv yav dhau los lossis yav tom ntej: cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev yuav khoom vaj tsev lossis daim ntawv sau npe tsheb qhia qhov chaw nyob tshiab lossis CAF cov lus hais qhia qhov chaw nyob tshiab;
• tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas yuav tsum ua raws txoj kev kawm tshwj xeeb;
• lwm yam - Tsev neeg xa ntawv.

Nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus tub ntxhais kawm, qhov kev thov yuav ua rau:

• hauv tsev zov me nyuam thiab tsev kawm ntawv theem pib: pawg sab laj hauv nroog (L212-7 ntawm txoj cai kev kawm) thaum cov nroog muaj ob peb lub tsev kawm ntawv;
• ntawm tsev kawm qib siab: Pawg Sab Laj (L213-1 ntawm txoj cai kev kawm);
• hauv tsev kawm theem siab: Dasen, Tus Thawj Coj Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Kev Pabcuam Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws.

Qhov kev thov no yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej sau npe tus menyuam hauv qhov chaw xav tau.

Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb hu ua " Daim ntawv yooj yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv “. Nws yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv tuam tsev ntawm kev kawm hauv tebchaws ntawm qhov chaw nyob.

Cov niam txiv yuav tsum hu rau lub tsev haujlwm xaiv vim tias, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej, qhov kev thov no tau xa mus rau tus tub ntxhais kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lossis mus rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv tuam tsev ntawm kev kawm hauv tebchaws ntawm qhov chaw nyob.

Hauv qee lub tuam tsev, qhov kev thov yog ua ncaj qha online ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm kev pabcuam hauv tuam tsev ntawm kev kawm hauv tebchaws.