Qee lub sij hawm peb tsis pom peb cov ciam teb tag nrho, thiab qee zaum, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, peb hnov mob rau qhov ua txhaum me ntsis ntawm lawv. Vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim? Thiab dab tsi suav nrog hauv peb qhov chaw tus kheej?
Muaj kev xav tias hauv peb lub neej muaj teeb meem ntawm ciam teb. Peb tsis tau accustomed heev rau hnov thiab tiv thaiv lawv. Vim li cas koj xav tias peb tseem muaj teeb meem nrog qhov no?
Sofia Nartova-Bochaver: XNUMX Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Tseeb tiag, peb kab lis kev cai ntawm ciam teb tseem tsis muaj zog. Muaj qhov laj thawj zoo rau qhov no. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, keeb kwm. Kuv xav hais tias lub xeev kab lig kev cai. Peb yog ib lub teb chaws collectivist, lub tswvyim ntawm catholicity yeej ib txwm tseem ceeb heev rau Russia. Cov neeg Lavxias, cov neeg Lavxias yeej ib txwm qhia lawv qhov chaw nyob nrog qee tus neeg.
Feem ntau hais lus, lawv yeej tsis muaj lawv tus kheej qhov chaw uas lawv yuav nyob ib leeg nrog lawv tus kheej. Kev npaj rau tus kheej rau ib puag ncig nrog rau lwm tus tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm lub xeev cov qauv. Txij li thaum peb nyob hauv lub xeev kaw, cov ciam teb sab nraud tau nruj, thaum cov sab hauv yog pob tshab kiag li. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm zoo heev los ntawm cov qauv kev sib raug zoo.
Txawm tias qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kheej zoo li no, xws li, piv txwv li, kom sib nrauj lossis tsis sib nrauj, yuav tsum tau tham thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm saum toj no.
Qhov kev muaj zog no nkag mus rau hauv koj tus kheej lub neej tau ua rau peb xav tsis thoob rau cov ciam teb uas peb tau teeb tsa peb tus kheej thiab arbitrarily. Tam sim no qhov xwm txheej tau hloov lawm. Ntawm ib sab, globalization: peb txhua tus mus ncig thiab saib lwm yam kab lis kev cai. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom ntiag tug tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem ntawm ciam teb tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tab sis tsis muaj kab lis kev cai, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ciam teb, qee zaum lawv nyob twj ywm me ntsis, tsis muaj menyuam los yog qia dub heev.
Koj feem ntau siv lub tswv yim xws li kev tswj hwm tus kheej, uas ua rau koj nco txog lub xeev kev sovereignty. Koj muab dab tsi rau hauv?
Raws li kev sib piv ntawm lub xeev thiab tus neeg, nws yog qhov tsim nyog. Ob qho kev ntxhov siab ntawm tib neeg thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub xeev tshwm sim rau tib lub laj thawj. Ob lub xeev thiab cov neeg sib koom sib txawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog thaj chaw lossis lub zog. Thiab rau tib neeg nws yog cov ntaub ntawv, kev hlub, kev hlub, kev lees paub, koob meej ... Peb niaj hnub qhia tag nrho cov no, yog li peb yuav tsum tau teem ciam teb.
Tab sis lo lus "sovereignty" txhais tau tias tsis yog kev sib cais xwb, nws kuj txhais tau tias kev tswj hwm tus kheej. Peb tsis yog muab ib lub laj kab nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lub vaj, tab sis peb kuj yuav tsum cog ib yam dab tsi hauv lub vaj no. Thiab dab tsi yog sab hauv, peb yuav tsum tswv, nyob, tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, sovereignty yog kev ywj pheej, autonomy, self-sufficiency, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws kuj yog tus kheej-kev tswj, fullness, cov ntsiab lus.
Vim hais tias thaum peb tham txog ciam teb, peb ib txwm txhais hais tias peb cais ib yam dab tsi ntawm ib yam dab tsi. Peb tsis tuaj yeem cais qhov khoob ntawm qhov khoob.
Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm sovereignty?
Kuv xav tig ntawm no rau William James, tus tsim ntawm pragmatism hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws, uas tau hais tias, hauv kev nkag siab dav, tus neeg tus cwj pwm yog tag nrho ntawm txhua yam uas nws tuaj yeem hu nws tus kheej. Tsis tsuas yog nws lub cev lossis lub hlwb zoo, tab sis kuj nws cov khaub ncaws, tsev, tus poj niam, menyuam yaus, cov poj koob yawm txwv, cov phooj ywg, lub koob npe nrov thiab kev ua haujlwm, nws thaj av, nees, yachts, peev.
Tib neeg yeej paub lawv tus kheej, koom nrog yam lawv muaj. Thiab qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb.
Vim hais tias, nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm, qhov chaw ntawm ib puag ncig tuaj yeem sib txawv kiag li.
Muaj ib tug neeg uas qhia tag nrho nws tus kheej nrog nws lub tswv yim. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb kuj yog ib feem ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus kheej, uas yog ntxiv dag zog rau kev ywj pheej. Peb tuaj yeem nqa peb lub cev mus rau ntawd, tau kawg. Muaj cov neeg uas lawv tus kheej lub cev muaj nuj nqis heev. Kov, tsis xis nyob lub cev, ua txhaum ntawm lub cev tus cwj pwm - tag nrho cov no tseem ceeb heev rau lawv. Lawv yuav tawm tsam kom tsis txhob muaj qhov no tshwm sim.
Lwm qhov nthuav qhia yog lub sijhawm. Nws yog tseeb hais tias peb txhua tus yog ib ntus, ephemeral beings. Txawm peb xav lossis xav li cas, nws ib txwm tshwm sim hauv qee lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw, tsis muaj nws peb tsis muaj. Peb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lwm tus neeg tau yooj yim yog tias peb yuam kom nws nyob hauv lwm txoj kev uas tsis yog nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb niaj hnub siv cov peev txheej queue dua.
Hauv kev nkag siab dav, ciam teb yog cov cai. Cov cai yuav raug hais, hais lus, lossis hais. Zoo li peb sawv daws xav tib yam, xav tib yam nkaus. Peb xav tsis thoob thaum peb mam li paub tias qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Tab sis, feem ntau, tib neeg tsis yog txhua tus tib neeg.
Koj puas xav tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm kev tswj hwm, hauv kev nkag siab ntawm thaj tsam ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam?
Undoubtedly. Hais lus feem ntau ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam, peb muaj peb nyiam qhov chaw ntawm tus kheej. Thiab dab tsi catches lub qhov muag nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yog thaub qab los ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm kev tshawb fawb: txiv neej tswj lub teb chaws, tus nqi thiab kev hlub vaj tse. Thiab cov poj niam muaj kev txuas ntxiv rau "movables". Cov poj niam txhais li cas lub tsheb? Poj niam heev, kuv xav tias: kuv lub tsheb yog kuv lub hnab loj, nws yog ib daig ntawm kuv lub tsev.
Tab sis tsis yog rau ib tug txiv neej. Nws muaj cov koom haum sib txawv kiag li: qhov no yog cov cuab yeej, cov lus hais txog kuv lub zog thiab lub zog. Nws yeej yog. Funny, German psychologists ib zaug tau qhia tias qhov siab dua tus tswv ntawm nws tus kheej, lub cav me me hauv nws lub tsheb.
Cov txiv neej yog ntau conservative thaum nws los txog rau regimen cwj pwm
Cov poj niam yog cov tsiaj hloov tau yooj yim dua, yog li peb, ntawm ib sab, hloov kev tswj hwm tus cwj pwm hloov pauv ntau dua, thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, peb tsis mob siab rau yog tias qee yam txhawb lawv hloov. Nws nyuaj rau cov txiv neej. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog tias qhov tshwj xeeb no tau lees paub, ces nws tuaj yeem tswj tau.
Yuav ua li cas teb rau cov xwm txheej thaum peb xav tias peb cov ciam teb tau raug ua txhaum cai? Piv txwv li, ntawm kev ua haujlwm lossis hauv tsev neeg, peb xav tias ib tug neeg nkag peb qhov chaw, tsis quav ntsej peb, xav txog peb tus cwj pwm thiab saj rau peb, lossis yuam qee yam.
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tiag tiag yog los muab tswv yim. Qhov no yog ib qho lus teb ncaj ncees. Yog tias peb "nqhis" yam uas peb txhawj xeeb thiab tsis muab tswv yim, ces peb tsis coj ncaj ncees, yog li txhawb qhov kev coj tsis ncaj no. Tus interlocutor yuav tsis twv tias peb tsis nyiam nws.
Feem ntau, kev tiv thaiv ciam teb tuaj yeem ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj. Thiab ntawm no nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm tus kheej complexity ntawm interlocutor. Yog hais tias cov me nyuam me heev los yog cov neeg uas yooj yim, infantile sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg, ces rau lawv cov lus teb zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog ib lo lus teb ncaj qha, mirroring. Koj nres koj lub tsheb hauv kuv qhov chaw nres tsheb — yog, lwm zaus kuv mam li nres kuv hauv koj li. Technically nws pab.
Tab sis yog tias koj daws tau cov teeb meem zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev cog lus nrog tus neeg no, qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis zoo heev.
Ntawm no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv cov kev tiv thaiv tsis ncaj ncees: cov lus qhia, kev xaiv, irony, ua qauv qhia ntawm ib tus tsis pom zoo. Tab sis tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov lus uas peb qhov chaw raug ua txhaum, tab sis hais lus, nyob rau hauv lwm yam, los ntawm kev tshem tawm, los ntawm ignoring hu.
Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias ciam teb tsis tsuas yog cais peb lub neej ntawm lwm tus, lawv kuj tiv thaiv lwm tus los ntawm peb. Thiab rau ib tug neeg paub tab, qhov no tseem ceeb heev.
Thaum Ortega y Gasset tau sau txog huab hwm coj thiab hais txog cov neeg uas nws hu ua "cov neeg coob coob" hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg nyiam, nws tau sau tseg tias aristocrat tau siv los xav txog lwm tus, tsis txhob ua rau lwm tus tsis txaus siab, thiab tsis quav ntsej nws tus kheej kev nplij siab hauv qee qhov. tus kheej li cas. Vim tias lub zog tsis tas yuav tsum muaj pov thawj, thiab tus neeg paub tab tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej txawm tias qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tseem ceeb rau nws tus kheej - nws tus kheej yuav tsis poob ntawm qhov no.
Tab sis yog hais tias ib tug neeg mob tiv thaiv nws cov ciam teb, ces rau peb psychologists, qhov no kuj yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm fragility ntawm cov ciam teb. Cov neeg zoo li no feem ntau dhau los ua cov neeg siv kev xav ntawm psychotherapist, thiab kev kho mob hlwb tuaj yeem pab lawv tiag tiag. Qee lub sij hawm peb xav tias qhov kev siv yog qhov tseeb yog lwm yam nkaus. Thiab qee zaum koj tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej nws. Thaum peb tham txog kev txhais peb cov ciam teb, nws yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub peev xwm los qhia peb "Kuv xav tau", "Kuv xav tau", "Kuv xav tau" thiab txhawb lub peev xwm no nrog kev txawj ntse ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm kev tswj tus kheej.
Kev xam phaj tau raug kaw rau kev sib koom tes ntawm Psychologies magazine thiab xov tooj cua "Culture" "Txiv neej: hauv kev sib raug zoo."