Bees ua zib mu li cas?
Nectar yog cov kua qab zib uas muaj nyob rau hauv paj, sau los ntawm muv nrog ntev proboscis. Cov kab khaws cov nectar hauv nws lub plab ntxiv, hu ua zib mu goiter. Nectar yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov muv, yog li yog tias ib tug muv nrhiav tau ib qho chaw nplua nuj ntawm nectar, nws tuaj yeem sib txuas lus qhov no mus rau lwm tus muv los ntawm kev ua las voos. Pollen yog ib qho tseem ceeb: cov granules daj pom nyob rau hauv paj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv proteins, lipids, vitamins thiab minerals thiab yog ib qho khoom noj rau muv. Cov paj ntoos khaws cia rau hauv qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob
Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov zaub mov yog sau los ntawm foraging. Thaum cov muv buzz nyob ib ncig ntawm lub paj sau paj ntoos thiab nectar, tshwj xeeb cov proteins (enzymes) hauv lawv cov zib ntab plab hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nectar, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Thaum ib tug muv rov qab los rau hauv nws lub tsev, nws hla lub nectar mus rau lwm tus muv los ntawm burping, uas yog vim li cas ib txhia hu zib mu "miv ntuav." Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua kom txog rau thaum lub nectar, tig mus rau hauv cov kua dej tuab uas muaj cov enzymes hauv plab, nkag mus rau hauv lub honeycomb.
Cov muv tseem yuav tau ua hauj lwm kom tig lub nectar mus rau zib mu. Cov kab industrious siv lawv tis los "inflate" cov kua qab zib, ua kom cov txheej txheem evaporation. Thaum feem ntau ntawm cov dej tawm ntawm nectar, cov muv thaum kawg tau zib mu. Cov muv kaw cov honeycombs nrog secretions los ntawm lawv lub plab, uas harden rau hauv beeswax, thiab zib mu yuav khaws cia rau ntev. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov muv txo cov dej ntsiab lus ntawm nectar los ntawm 90% mus rau 20%.
Raws li Scientific American, ib cheeb tsam muaj peev xwm tsim tau txog 110 kg ntawm nectar - ib tug tseem ceeb daim duab, muab hais tias feem ntau paj tsim ib tug me me poob ntawm nectar. Ib lub hub zoo tib yam ntawm zib mu yuav tsum tau ib lab muv manipulations. Ib lub colony tuaj yeem tsim tau 50 mus rau 100 jars ntawm zib mu ib xyoos.
Cov muv puas xav tau zib mu?
Bees muab ntau txoj haujlwm los ua zib ntab. Raws li BeeSpotter, qhov nruab nrab colony muaj 30 muv. Nws ntseeg tau tias muv siv 000 mus rau 135 litres ntawm zib mu txhua xyoo.
Pollen yog muv lub ntsiab zaub mov, tab sis zib mu kuj tseem ceeb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm muv siv nws los ua qhov chaw ntawm carbohydrates los txhawb lub zog. Zib ntab kuj tau noj los ntawm cov neeg laus drones rau mating flights thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau larval loj hlob.
Zib ntab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm muv thiab poj huab tais tuaj ua ke thiab ua cov zib ntab los ua kom sov. Tom qab thawj Frost, paj xyaum ploj mus, yog li zib mu ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov. Zib ntab pab tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas. Lub colony yuav tuag yog tias tsis muaj zib ntab txaus.
neeg thiab zib mu
Zib ntab yog ib feem ntawm tib neeg kev noj haus rau ntau txhiab xyoo.
Alyssa Crittenden, tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm University of Nevada, tau sau txog keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg noj zib ntab hauv Food and Foodways magazine. Pob zeb paintings depicting honeycombs, swarms ntawm muv thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm zib mu hnub rov qab 40 xyoo thiab tau pom nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa, Europe, Asia thiab Australia. Crittenden taw qhia rau ntau yam ntawm lwm cov pov thawj uas tib neeg thaum ntxov noj zib mu. Primates xws li baboons, macaques, thiab gorillas paub tias noj zib ntab. Nws ntseeg hais tias "yuav muaj feem ntau tias hominids thaum ntxov tau tsawg kawg yog muaj peev xwm sau zib mu."
Science Magazine thim rov qab qhov kev sib cav nrog cov pov thawj ntxiv: Egyptian hieroglyphs piav txog cov muv hnub rov qab mus rau 2400 BC. e. Beeswax tau pom nyob rau hauv 9000 xyoo av nplaum lauj kaub nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Zib ntab tau pom nyob rau hauv Egyptian qhov ntxa ntawm cov pharaohs.
Puas yog zib muv?
Raws li Lub Koom Haum Vegan, "veganism yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej uas tus neeg mob siab rau cais tawm, kom deb li deb tau, txhua yam kev siv thiab ua phem rau tsiaj, suav nrog zaub mov, khaub ncaws, lossis lwm lub hom phiaj."
Raws li cov ntsiab lus no, zib ntab tsis yog ib qho khoom siv ncaj ncees. Qee qhov sib cav tias kev lag luam tsim cov zib ntab yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees, tab sis noj zib ntab los ntawm tus kheej apiaries yog qhov zoo. Tab sis Lub Koom Haum Vegan ntseeg tias tsis muaj zib ntab yog vegan: "Ntaus ua zib ntab rau muv, thiab tib neeg tsis saib xyuas lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej. Sau zib mu tawm tsam txoj kev xav ntawm veganism, uas nrhiav kev tshem tawm tsis yog kev ua phem xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev siv dag zog. "
Zib ntab tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm thaj av, tab sis kuj yog ib txoj haujlwm siv sijhawm. Lub koom haum Vegan sau tseg tias txhua tus muv tsim tawm li kaum ob ntawm ib teaspoon ntawm zib mu hauv nws lub neej. Kev tshem tawm ntawm zib mu los ntawm muv kuj tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub Hive. Feem ntau, thaum beekeepers sau zib mu, lawv hloov nws nrog ib tug qab zib hloov, uas tsis muaj ib txoj lw ntsiab tsim nyog rau muv.
Zoo li cov tsiaj nyeg, muv kuj bred rau efficiency. Cov gene pas dej ua los ntawm xws li kev xaiv ua rau lub colony muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob thiab, yog li ntawd, loj-scale extinction. Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm overbreeding tuaj yeem kis mus rau cov neeg pollinators xws li bumblebees.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cheeb tsam yog tsis tu ncua culled tom qab sau los txo nqi. Poj huab tais bees, uas feem ntau tawm hauv lub Hive los pib cov cheeb tsam tshiab, muaj lawv cov tis clipped.
Bees ntsib lwm yam teeb meem ib yam nkaus, xws li kev sib cais hauv cheeb tsam, cov tshuaj tua kab ntsig txog huab hwm coj tsis meej ntawm cov muv, kev nyuaj siab thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam.
Yog tias koj yog vegan, zib ntab tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Ntxiv rau cov kua qab zib xws li maple phoov, dandelion zib ntab, thiab hnub syrup, kuj tseem muaj vegan honeys.